Figure 1.

DRibbles induce efficient activation of human memory and effector T cells specific for CMV-pp65 antigen. (a) Dot plot and (b) bar graph of the frequency of IFN-γ⁺CD8⁺ T cells and IFN-γ⁺ CD4⁺ T cells in fresh PBMC, detected by ICS, after stimulation with either PBS, pp65 protein (10 μg/ml), pp65 DRibbles (30 μg/ml), control DRibbles (30 μg/ml) or staphylococcal enterotoxin A (SEA) (10 μg/ml). (c) Dot plot and (d) bar graph of the frequency of IFN-γ⁺CD8⁺ T cells and IFN-γ⁺CD4⁺ T cells in expanded pp65-specific T cells, detected by ICS, after re-stimulation by DCs loaded with either PBS, pp65 protein (10 μg/ml), pp65 DRibbles (30 μg/ml), control DRibbles (30 μg/ml) or pp65 peptide (10 μg/ml). Results are representative of two or more independent experiments