Figure 2.

DRibbles induce pro-inflammatory cytokine production in human PBMCs. (a) PBMCs were incubated with 5 mM ATP, 5 μM Nigericin, 100 μg/ml, 30 μg/ml or 10 μg/ml MDA-MB-231 DRibble, or 100 μg/ml normal vesicles overnight. The supernatant levels of TNF-α, IL-10, IL-6 and IL-1β were tested by ELISA. (b) Dot plot of IL-12p40 production by unprimed DCs or DCs primed with IFN-γ, as measured by ICS after stimulation with indicated DRibbles (100 μg/ml) or LPS/R848 (10 ng/ml)/(50 ng/ml) overnight. Results are shown as the mean±S.D. and are representative of two or more independent experiments. PBMCs were from at least three donors