Table 3.
Adjusteda prevalence and adjusted prevalence ratio (PR) of smoking, obesity, and respiratory symptoms by chronic obstructive airway disease category and gender: South Carolina Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System, 2012
| Chronic obstructive airway disease | Men
|
Women
|
||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| % (95% CI) | PR (95% CI) | % (95% CI) | PR (95% CI) | |
| Current smoker | ||||
| Neither asthma nor COPD | 24.6 (22.7–26.7) | 1.0 (referent) | 17.4 (15.9–19.0) | 1.0 (referent) |
| Former asthma only | 30.8 (22.0–41.4) | 1.3 (0.9–1.7) | 20.8 (13.8–30.2) | 1.2 (0.8–1.8) |
| Current asthma only | 25.6 (18.0–35.0) | 1.0 (0.7–1.5) | 17.4 (13.2–22.6) | 1.0 (0.8–1.3) |
| COPD only | 50.8 (41.8–59.7) | 2.1 (1.7–2.5) | 41.7 (32.9–51.1) | 2.4 (1.9–3.0) |
| Asthma-COPD overlap syndrome | 31.7 (20.5–45.5) | 1.3 (0.9–1.9) | 35.6 (28.6–43.2) | 2.0 (1.6–2.6) |
| Former smoker | ||||
| Neither asthma nor COPD | 29.3 (27.4–31.3) | 1.0 (referent) | 22.0 (20.5–23.5) | 1.0 (referent) |
| Former asthma only | 27.2 (19.8–36.2) | 0.9 (0.7–1.3) | 20.9 (14.7–28.9) | 1.0 (0.7–1.3) |
| Current asthma only | 28.8 (20.3–39.2) | 1.0 (0.7–1.4) | 21.5 (16.9–26.9) | 1.0 (0.8–1.2) |
| COPD only | 27.3 (21.5–34.0) | 0.9 (0.7–1.2) | 27.0 (20.5–34.7) | 1.2 (0.9–1.6) |
| Asthma-COPD overlap syndrome | 36.4 (25.7–48.7) | 1.2 (0.9–1.7) | 27.4 (22.0–33.5) | 1.2 (1.001–1.6) |
| Smoked ≥10 years | ||||
| Neither asthma nor COPD | 35.0 (32.9–37.1) | 1.0 (referent) | 23.1 (21.6–24.6) | 1.0 (referent) |
| Former asthma only | 33.4 (24.6–43.6) | 1.0 (0.7–1.3) | 24.3 (16.8–33.8) | 1.1 (0.7–1.5) |
| Current asthma only | 31.3 (22.9–41.2) | 0.9 (0.7–1.2) | 20.7 (16.2–26.0) | 0.9 (0.7–1.1) |
| COPD only | 63.1 (54.1–71.3) | 1.8 (1.6–2.1) | 48.9 (41.5–56.3) | 2.1 (1.8–2.5) |
| Asthma-COPD overlap syndrome | 56.8 (43.4–69.2) | 1.6 (1.3–2.1) | 47.7 (40.0–55.4) | 2.1 (1.7–2.5) |
| Obese (BMI≥30kg/m2) | ||||
| Neither asthma nor COPD | 28.6 (26.7–30.7) | 1.0 (referent) | 31.5 (29.8–33.3) | 1.0 (referent) |
| Former asthma only | 27.3 (19.3–37.0) | 1.0 (0.7–1.3) | 37.9 (28.7–48.1) | 1.2 (0.9–1.6) |
| Current asthma only | 48.9 (38.6–59.3) | 1.7 (1.4–2.1) | 38.7 (32.3–45.4) | 1.2 (1.03–1.5) |
| COPD only | 32.4 (23.9–42.2) | 1.1 (0.8–1.5) | 35.9 (29.4–43.0) | 1.1 (0.9–1.4) |
| Asthma-COPD overlap syndrome | 48.9 (35.9–62.1) | 1.7 (1.3–2.3) | 51.1 (43.4–58.7) | 1.6 (1.4–1.9) |
| Frequent productive coughb | ||||
| Neither asthma nor COPD | 9.1 (7.9–10.5) | 1.0 (referent) | 6.2 (5.3–7.2) | 1.0 (referent) |
| Former asthma only | 5.2 (2.3–11.2) | 0.6 (0.3–1.3) | 8.1 (3.1–19.7) | 1.3 (0.5–3.4) |
| Current asthma only | 10.2 (5.7–17.8) | 1.1 (0.6–2.0) | 17.7 (13.1–23.5) | 2.9 (2.1–4.0) |
| COPD only | 31.5 (23.5–40.6) | 3.5 (2.5–4.7) | 23.9 (18.6–30.0) | 3.9 (2.9–5.1) |
| Asthma-COPD overlap syndrome | 34.9 (24.3–47.2) | 3.8 (2.7–5.5) | 38.0 (30.3–46.2) | 6.2 (4.8–8.0) |
| Frequent SOBc | ||||
| Neither asthma nor COPD | 2.1 (1.5–2.8) | 1.0 (referent) | 2.4 (1.8–3.2) | 1.0 (referent) |
| Former asthma only | 3.2 (0.7–13.6) | 1.5 (0.3–7.2) | 3.0 (0.7–12.5) | 1.3 (0.3–5.7) |
| Current asthma only | 2.5 (0.9–6.3)* | 1.2 (0.4–3.3) | 14.2 (9.9–20.0) | 6.0 (3.7–9.6) |
| COPD only | 13.2 (9.3–18.6) | 6.4 (4.1–10.1) | 11.3 (7.7–16.2) | 4.7 (3.0–7.5) |
| Asthma-COPD overlap syndrome | 29.2 (20.6–39.7) | 14.2 (9.2–22.1) | 26.9 (20.0–35.3) | 11.3 (7.6–16.9) |
| Breathing problems limited physical activityd | ||||
| Neither asthma nor COPD | 11.0 (9.5–12.5) | 1.0 (referent) | 9.4 (8.2–10.6) | 1.0 (referent) |
| Former asthma only | 11.8 (5.7–23.0) | 1.1 (0.5–2.2) | 13.4 (8.3–20.9) | 1.4 (0.9–2.3) |
| Current asthma only | 20.0 (13.2–29.1) | 1.8 (1.2–2.8) | 34.7 (28.5–41.5) | 3.7 (3.0–4.7) |
| COPD only | 38.0 (30.6–46.0) | 3.5 (2.7–4.4) | 37.6 (29.5–46.3) | 4.0 (3.1–5.2) |
| Asthma-COPD overlap syndrome | 67.1 (49.5–80.9) | 6.1 (4.6–8.1) | 55.9 (47.7–63.8) | 6.0 (5.0–7.2) |
BMI - body mass index; CI - confidence interval; COPD - chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; SOB - shortness of breath
Adjusted prevalence and prevalence ratio (PR) and 95% CI for the likelihood of each smoking category, obesity, and each respiratory symptom associated with a given chronic obstructive airway disease category were obtained from separate multivariable logistic regression models. Models for smoking categories and obesity included age, race, and education as covariates. Models for respiratory symptoms included age, race, education, smoking status, and BMI category as covariates. The referent for PRs was the group of respondents with no obstructive airway impairment.
Defined as a response of either most days or every day to the question “During the past 30 days, how often do you cough up mucus or phlegm?”
Defined as a response of either most of the time or all of the time to the question “During the past 30 days, how often do you feel short of breath?”
Defined as a response of agree slightly or agree strongly to the question, “How much do you agree or disagree with the following statement? ‘In the past year, I am not as physically active as I once was because of my breathing problems.’”
Estimates not reliable. Relative standard error ≥0.3.