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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2017 Oct 1.
Published in final edited form as: Alcohol Clin Exp Res. 2016 Sep 21;40(10):2102–2113. doi: 10.1111/acer.13206

Figure 6.

Figure 6

Summary of the effects of HIV-1 proteins and chronic ethanol treatment on neurotransmitters in the NAc. (+) indicates an excitatory projection, and (-) indicates an inhibitory projection. We found that HIV-1 proteins enhance the signaling activity of the following neurotransmitters: acetylcholine (ACh), glutamate (Glu), dopamine (Da), serotonin (5-HT), and gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA). Ethanol treatment interacted with HIV-1 proteins to produce decreased signaling activity of these five neurotransmitters. HIV-1 proteins alone and in the presence of ethanol led to greater novelty-seeking behavior.