Table 3.
Comparison of clinical data between patients with and without type 2 diabetes.
| Type 2 diabetic patients (n = 113) | Non-diabetic subjects (n = 110) | p-Value | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Age, years | 64.4 (14.7) | 60.7 (20.4) | 0.12 |
| Duration of diabetes, years | 10.5 (10) | – | – |
| Sex (male/female) | 64/49 | 36/74 | <0.001 |
| Height, cm | 161 (8.8) | 157.5 (10.2) | 0.009 |
| Weight, kg | 68.8 (17.9) | 57.9 (17.7) | <0.001 |
| BMI, kg/m2 | 26.4 (5.6) | 23.2 (5.6) | <0.001 |
| Red blood cell, ×104/μl | 445.6 (61.2) | 423.5 (50.2) | 0.02 |
| Hemoglobin, g/dl | 13.7 (1.7) | 13 (1.4) | 0.013 |
| Hematocrit, % | 40.1 (5.8) | 38.2 (4.8) | 0.2 |
| Albumin, g/dl | 4.1 (0.5) | 4.3 (0.5) | 0.028 |
| eGFR, ml/min/1.73 m2 | 71.2 (25.1) | 79 (32.9) | 0.054 |
| Total cholesterol, mg/dl | 184.9 (37.4) | 192.7 (41.5) | 0.18 |
| Triglycerides, mg/dl | 138.6 (88.7) | 130.6 (85.2) | 0.53 |
| HDL cholesterol, mg/dl | 51.5 (16.3) | 58.1 (15.2) | 0.007 |
| LDL cholesterol, mg/dl | 104.1 (30.8) | 108.3 (31.5) | 0.35 |
| Plasma glucose, mg/dl | 151.5 (62.2) | 99.5 (21) | <0.001 |
| HbA1c, % | 7.7 (1.9) | 5.7 (0.4) | <0.001 |
| Serum insulin, μU/ml | 10.9 (7.1) | 13.1 (10) | 0.56 |
| Plasma BNP, pg/ml | 55.5 (97.3) | 62.5 (59.6) | 0.76 |
| Serum Zn, μg/dl | 75.8 (13.7) | 72.7 (18.7) | 0.15 |
| Serum Cu, μg/dl | 109.9 (21) | 109.4 (23) | 0.42 |
| Serum Zn/Cu ratio | 0.72 (0.19) | 0.69 (0.23) | 0.87 |
| Skeletal muscle mass (whole body), kg | 26.9 (6.4) | 25.3 (7.2) | 0.28 |
| Right upper extremity muscle mass, kg | 2.7 (0.8) | 2.4 (0.9) | 0.13 |
| Left upper extremity muscle mass, kg | 2.6 (0.8) | 2.4 (0.9) | 0.16 |
| Right lower extremity muscle mass, kg | 7.6 (1.9) | 7.2 (2.1) | 0.36 |
| Left lower extremity muscle mass, kg | 7.5 (1.9) | 7.1 (1.9) | 0.33 |
| Body fat mass, kg | 23.9 (13.2) | 23 (11.8) | 0.76 |
| Body fat percentage, % | 31.2 (10.1) | 31.9 (10.2) | 0.75 |
Values are expressed as means (SD) except for sex.
BMI, body mass index; eGFR, estimated glomerular filtration rate; HDL, high-density lipoprotein; LDL, low-density lipoprotein; HbA1c, hemoglobin A1c; BNP, B-type natriuretic peptide.