Figure 2.

Distributions and periods of collection in the Auplopus carbonarius species complex. (a) Number of wasps collected with bamboo tube traps. (b) Number of wasps collected with methods other than bamboo tube traps, e.g. netting, yellow pan traps and Malaise traps. Pie charts are graded to three sizes according to the sample number. Orange-coloured areas indicate prefectures in which all three wasp types were collected. (c) Frequency distributions of collection dates on a monthly basis for the samples used in (b). Wasp types: BM, black-mandibular type; EN, exposed nesting type; WM, white-mandibular type. No significant differences are found in the collection months between the WM-EN combined and BM in (c) (Mann–Whitney U-test, p > 0.05).