Figure 3. Pancreas damage in Spink3^−/−;XX^SPINK1 mice at birth.

(a) Trypsin activity in pancreas of mice of the indicated genotype at P0.5 was measured by a fluorogenic enzymatic assay (see Methods). Values are means ± SEM (n = 4–6 mice). **P < 0.01. (b,c) mRNA expression of proinflammatory cytokines and chemokines, and ER stress markers in pancreas of mice of the indicated genotype was analyzed by qPCR. Values are means ± SEM (n = 4 mice). *P < 0.05; **P < 0.01. (d) Autophagy markers LC3 and p62/SQSTM1 were analyzed by immunoblotting in pancreas of mice of the indicated genotype. The LC3-II/LC3-I band intensity ratio was measured by densitometry and normalized to that in Spink3^+/− pancreas. Values are means ± SEM (n = 4–6 mice). **P < 0.01.