Table 1. Bacterial strains and plasmids used in this study.

Strains or plasmids	Description	Reference or source
E. amylovora
Ea1189	Wild type, isolated from apple	71
Z2946∆flhD	flhD::Km; KmR-deletion mutant of flhD of Ea1189, KmR	14
∆csrA	csrA::Cm; CmR-deletion mutant of csrA of Ea1189, CmR	This study
∆csrB	csrB::Cm; CmR-deletion mutant of csrB of Ea1189, CmR	13
∆glgCAP	CmR-deletion mutant of glgCAP operon (5.2 kb) of Ea1189, CmR	This study
∆csrA/glgCAP	csrA::Cm, glgCAP::Km; KmR-deletion mutant of glgCAP into ∆csrA	This study
Z2198∆grrA	grrA::Km; KmR-deletion mutant of grrA of Ea1189, KmR	14
DH10B E. coli strain	F– mcrA Δ(mrr-hsdRMS-mcrBC) Φ80lacZΔM15 ΔlacX74 recA1 endA1 araD139 Δ(ara leu) 7697 galU galK rpsL nupG λ	Invitrogen, CA
Plasmids
pKD46	ApR, PBAD gam bet exo pSC101 oriTS	68
pKD32	CmR, FRT cat FRT tL3 oriR6Kγ bla rgnB	68
pkD13	KmR, FRT kan FRT tL3 oriR6Kγ bla rgnB	68
pHrpA-His6	803-bp DNA fragment containing promoter sequence of the hrpA gene and c-terminal His tag in pWSK29	8
pGem®T-easy	ApR, PCR cloning vector	Promega WI
pCsrA	A 824 bp fragment containing csrA gene in pGemT-easy vector	This study
pCsrB	A 1.3-kb fragment containing csrB in pGemT-easy vector	This study