Figure 1. Effect of scaffold generation method on hMSC reseeding.

(A) Cytotoxicity of SDS versus ASB-14 in solution, demonstrating no difference in LD₅₀ between the two compounds (n = 6 per group). (B) Cytotoxicity of BP scaffolds with increasing days of washout. ASB-14 scaffolds are non-toxic following 4 d of washout, whereas SDS scaffolds remain toxic to 96.5% of hMSC even after 7d of washout. (C) hMSC are observed on both fibrous and serous sides of ASB-14 scaffolds, but not SDS scaffolds (100×). (D) Hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining of seeded BP scaffolds demonstrates that cells seeded on the fibrous side penetrate into the scaffold, while those seeded on the serous side form a monolayer (200×). Scale bar represents 100 μm. Data are presented as the mean ± standard deviation (****p < 0.001).