Table 1.
Prevalence and trends in “sufficient” leisure-time physical activity among U.S. workers by selected demographic and job characteristics, 2004–2014
| Characteristics | Sample size |
Est. U.S. workers |
Est. No. of Suff. active |
Prevalence of “sufficient” leisure-time physical activity* | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Overall | 2004 | 2005 | 2006 | 2007 | ||||
| All | 186,941 | 136.7M | 68.9M | 50.2 (49.7–50.7) | 45.6 (44.5–46.7) | 45.4 (44.4–46.4) | 45.2 (44.0–46.4) | 45.6 (44.2–46.9) |
| Gender | ||||||||
| Male | 92,280 | 72.9M | 38.8M | 53.0 (52.3–53.6) | 48.0 (46.6–49.3) | 47.8 (46.6–49.1) | 47.6 (46.1–49.2) | 47.8 (46.1–49.5) |
| Female | 94,661 | 63.8M | 30.1M | 47.0 (46.5–47.6) | 42.8 (41.5–44.2) | 42.5 (941.1–43.8) | 42.4 (40.8–44.0) | 43.0 (41.2–44.7) |
| Age group (y) | ||||||||
| 18–24 | 19,567 | 17.4M | 10.0M | 56.9 (55.8–58.0) | 51.0 (48.0–54.0) | 54.7 (51.7–57.6) | 50.4 (47.5–53.4) | 50.9 (47.3–54.5) |
| 25–34 | 43,614 | 30.5M | 16.7M | 54.8 (54.0–55.5) | 50.0 (48.0–52.0) | 48.1 (46.4–49.9) | 48.0 (45.8–50.1) | 48.1 (45.8–50.5) |
| 35–44 | 44,234 | 31.5M | 15.7M | 49.9 (49.2–50.7) | 44.9 (43.1–46.8) | 46.2 (44.5–48.0) | 46.5 (44.4–48.6) | 45.2 (43.0–47.3) |
| 45–54 | 42,167 | 32.2M | 15.5M | 48.3 (47.6–49.0) | 44.3 (42.6–46.1) | 44.0 (42.2–45.8) | 44.3 (41.9–46.6) | 44.6 (42.5–46.7) |
| 55–65 | 28,266 | 19.7M | 8.9M | 45.2 (44.4–46.0) | 41.5 (39.1–43.9) | 38.0 (35.7–40.3) | 40.0 (37.4–42.6) | 42.6 (39.9–45.4) |
| 65+ | 9093 | 5.4M | 2.2M | 40.2 (38.9–41.5) | 34.6 (31.0–38.4) | 37.5 (33.2–42.0) | 35.7 (31.4–40.3) | 37.6 (32.8–42.6) |
| Race/ethnicity | ||||||||
| White (non-Hispanic) | 113,431 | 93.6M | 50.5M | 54.0 (53.4–54.7) | 49.3 (48.0–50.6) | 50.0 (48.8–51.2) | 48.9 (47.4–50.4) | 49.3 (47.6–51.0) |
| Black (non-Hispanic) | 26,817 | 15.4M | 6.7M | 42.6 (41.7–43.5) | 37.4 (35.1–39.9) | 34.0 (31.5–36.6) | 38.3 (35.6–41.0) | 36.7 (34.2–39.3) |
| Hispanic | 34,595 | 19.9M | 8.2M | 39.4 (38.6–40.2) | 33.7 (31.7–35.9) | 31.5 (29.5–33.6) | 33.1 (30.5–35.7) | 35.5 (33.1–38.0) |
| Others (non-Hispanic) | 12,098 | 7.8M | 3.6M | 45.8 (44.5–47.1) | 39.1 (35.3–43.0) | 38.9 (34.6–43.4) | 43.2 (39.1–47.4) | 41.1 (36.9–45.4) |
| Education level | ||||||||
| <High school | 20,799 | 13.6M | 3.4M | 31.3 (30.4–32.2) | 27.2 (25.0–29.4) | 27.8 (25.8–29.9) | 27.2 (24.6–30.0) | 24.6 (22.0–27.5) |
| High school/GED degree | 41,225 | 31.1M | 12.6M | 40.1 (39.3–40.9) | 36.8 (34.8–38.8) | 35.6 (33.8–37.4) | 35.9 (34.0–37.9) | 35.5 (33.5–37.7) |
| Some college | 58,494 | 42.7M | 22.2M | 51.0 (50.3–51.6) | 47.2 (45.5–48.9) | 46.9 (45.4–48.5) | 47.0 (44.9–49.0) | 46.5 (44.4–48.5) |
| College degree | 60,236 | 44.8M | 28.1M | 63.1 (62.5–63.7) | 58.6 (56.9–60.4) | 58.9 (57.2–60.5) | 59.5 (57.5–61.4) | 60.9 (58.8–62.9) |
| Smoking status | ||||||||
| Current | 36,708 | 26.8M | 11.8M | 43.0 (42.2–43.7) | 40.4 (38.5–42.3) | 39.9 (38.2–41.6) | 38.2 (36.0–40.4) | 37.9 (35.5–40.4) |
| Former | 34,785 | 26.0M | 13.8M | 54.7 (53.9–55.6) | 53.0 (50.8–55.2) | 50.7 (48.4–53.0) | 50.2 (47.8–52.5) | 50.7 (48.1–53.3) |
| Never | 114,983 | 84.6M | 43.1M | 51.0 (50.5–51.5) | 45.2 (43.9–46.5) | 45.6 (44.3–46.8) | 45.8 (44.3–47.3) | 46.4 (44.9–48.0) |
| Body mass index (kg/m2) | ||||||||
| Lean (BMI ≤18.4) | 2451 | 1.8M | 0.8M | 42.6 (39.7–45.4) | 43.0 (35.1–51.4) | 34.7 (28.3–41.8) | 30.5 (23.3–38.6) | 31.7 (24.1–40.4) |
| Normal (18.5 ≤ BMI<25) | 63,636 | 46.6M | 25.8M | 54.8 (54.2–55.5) | 49.2 (47.6–50.8) | 50.7 (49.1–52.4) | 48.5 (46.6–50.3) | 50.8 (48.8–52.7) |
| Overweight (25 ≤ BMI<30) | 64,897 | 47.8M | 25.1M | 52.8 (52.1–53.4) | 47.5 (45.9–49.1) | 47.8 (46.2–49.3) | 46.4 (44.7–48.2) | 48.2 (46.0–50.3) |
| Obese (30.0+) | 48.699 | 35.2M | 15.3M | 43.8 (43.1–44.5) | 40.0 (37.9–42.1) | 38.2 (36.5–40.0) | 42.6 (40.3–44.9) | 39.7 (37.6–41.8) |
| Work hours (h/wk) | ||||||||
| <30 | 27,000 | 19.9M | 10.4M | 50.5 (49.6–51.5) | 46.6 (44.1–49.1) | 49.3 (46.7–52.0) | 46.9 (44.0–49.9) | 46.1 (43.1–49.2) |
| 30–50 | 121,869 | 88.1M | 42.8M | 48.3 (47.8–48.9) | 43.7 (42.4–45.0) | 42.8 (41.7–44.0) | 43.1 (41.7–44.4) | 43.5 (42.0–45.0) |
| 50+ | 34,382 | 25.8M | 14.3M | 55.1 (54.3–55.9) | 50.2 (48.1–52.3) | 50.8 (48.5–53.1) | 50.3 (47.8–52.8) | 50.9 (48.3–53.6) |
| No. of employee at work | ||||||||
| 1–9 | 46,355 | 33.7M | 16.7M | 49.6 (49.0–50.3) | 44.8 (43.1–46.6) | 44.3 (42.6–46.0) | 42.4 (40.4–44.5) | 44.0 (41.9–46.2) |
| 10–49 | 47,212 | 34.9M | 17.3M | 48.8 (48.0–49.5) | 44.9 (43.1–46.6) | 43.9 (42.3–45.6) | 44.5 (42.4–46.5) | 46.3 (44.0–48.6) |
| 50–249 | 41.589 | 30.7M | 15.5M | 50.3 (49.5–51.0) | 45.9 (44.0–47.9) | 46.0 (44.0–48.0) | 44.8 (42.6–46.9) | 46.5 (44.3–48.7) |
| 250+ | 34,985 | 25.3M | 13.9M | 54.7 (54.0–55.5) | 49.5 (47.3–51.7) | 49.8 (47.8–51.8) | 52.3 (49.6–54.9) | 50.2 (47.6–52.7) |
| Second job | ||||||||
| Yes | 16,171 | 11.7M | 7.0M | 58.8 (57.6–59.9) | 54.1 (50.9–57.4) | 54.8 (51.6–57.9) | 57.9 (53.7–62.0) | 56.2 (52.5–59.9) |
| No | 170,144 | 124.4M | 61.8M | 49.4 (48.9–49.9) | 44.8 (43.7–46.0) | 44.6 (43.6–45.7) | 44.2 (42.9–45.4) | 44.7 (43.3–46.1) |
| Prevalence of “sufficient” leisure-time physical activity* | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2008 | 2009 | 2010 | 2011 | 2012 | 2013 | 2014 | Slope (SE)† | P† |
| 47.7 (46.4–48.9) | 52.2 (51.0–53.4) | 52.1 (51.0–53.2) | 53.4 (52.3–54.4) | 54.8 (53.7–55.8) | 55.0 (53.9–56.1) | 54.8 (53.7–55.9) | 1.190 (0.123) | <.001 |
| 50.7 (49.0–52.4) | 55.2 (53.5–56.9) | 56.3 (54.7–57.8) | 56.1 (54.6–57.5) | 57.3 (56.0–58.6) | 58.3 (56.8–59.7) | 57.3 (55.9–58.7) | 1.233 (0.143) | <.001 |
| 44.3 (42.8–45.8) | 48.9 (47.4–50.4) | 47.4 (46.0–48.8) | 50.3 (49.0–51.6) | 51.9 (50.6–53.3) | 51.3 (49.9–52.8) | 52.0 (50.5–53.6) | 1.154 (0.128) | <.001 |
| 54.0 (50.2–57.6) | 57.7 (53.8–61.4) | 57.6 (54.1–61.0) | 61.7 (58.7–64.6) | 62.5 (59.3–65.6) | 64.3 (61.4–67.0) | 61.9 (58.5–65.3) | 1.407 (0.204) | <.001 |
| 52.6 (50.3–55.0) | 56.8 (54.7–58.9) | 55.8 (54.9–58.8) | 58.8 (57.0–60.5) | 60.8 (58.8–62.7) | 60.6 (58.6–62.6) | 61.5 (59.6–63.3) | 1.531 (0.171) | <.001 |
| 47.2 (44.8–49.6) | 52.1 (49.9–54.3) | 52.7 (50.7–54.7) | 52.9 (50.9–54.9) | 54.1 (52.1–56.2) | 54.4 (52.3–56.4) | 54.6 (52.7–56.5) | 1.106 (0.126) | <.001 |
| 46.2 (44.0–48.5) | 50.8 (48.6–53.0) | 50.7 (48.6–52.8) | 50.6 (48.6–52.7) | 51.8 (49.7–53.8) | 52.2 (50.1–54.2) | 51.8 (49.7–53.9) | 0.978 (0.122) | <.001 |
| 42.3 (39.8–44.8) | 47.4 (44.9–50.0) | 46.2 (43.9–48.6) | 48.8 (46.6–51.1) | 48.8 (46.4–51.1) | 48.9 (46.5–51.3) | 48.2 (45.9–50.5) | 1.083 (0.174) | <.001 |
| 36.6 (31.8–40.9) | 40.8 (36.1–45.8) | 39.6 (35.4–43.8) | 39.5 (35.7–43.4) | 45.8 (42.3–49.3) | 44.2 (40.5–48.0) | 45.0 (41.2–48.8) | 1.073 (0.163) | <.001 |
| 52.3 (50.7–53.8) | 56.2 (54.7–57.7) | 56.5 (55.2–57.8) | 56.8 (55.6–58.1) | 58.6 (57.3–59.9) | 58.7 (57.3–60.1) | 58.4 (57.0–59.8) | 1.154 (0.128) | <.001 |
| 38.4 (35.7–41.1) | 46.7 (44.1–49.3) | 42.6 (39.9–45.3) | 48.6 (46.2–51.0) | 47.3 (44.9–49.9) | 46.6 (44.0–49.1) | 51.1 (48.4–53.8) | 1.568 (0.247) | <.001 |
| 35.5 (32.6–38.6) | 41.1 (38.5–43.7) | 39.6 (37.3–41.9) | 43.0 (40.8–45.3) | 44.7 (42.4–47.0) | 46.9 (45.0–48.8) | 44.3 (42.4–46.2) | 1.496 (0.162) | <.001 |
| 43.3 (38.9–47.7) | 42.9 (39.2–46.8) | 46.5 (42.4–50.6) | 48.4 (45.2–51.6) | 52.2 (48.9–55.5) | 52.8 (49.4–56.1) | 50.7 (47.3–54.2) | 1.451 (0.168) | <.001 |
| 27.9 (24.7–31.2) | 32.0 (29.0–35.0) | 32.2 (29.3–35.2) | 35.6 (33.0–38.3) | 38.0 (35.1–40.9) | 37.9 (35.0–41.0) | 37.2 (34.5–40.0) | 1.267 (0.191) | <.001 |
| 37.9 (35.6–40.2) | 42.6 (40.4–44.7) | 42.2 (40.3–44.2) | 41.8 (39.9–43.7) | 44.0 (41.6–46.4) | 45.4 (43.2–47.6) | 46.5 (44.2–48.7) | 1.151 (0.141) | <.001 |
| 48.1 (46.2–50.1) | 52.6 (50.5–54.7) | 52.5 (50.7–54.2) | 53.6 (52.1–55.1) | 55.3 (53.7–57.0) | 56.0 (54.2–57.7) | 53.4 (51.6–55.1) | 0.987 (0.147) | <.001 |
| 61.3 (59.2–63.3) | 65.1 (63.2–66.9) | 63.8 (62.0–65.7) | 66.5 (65.0–68.0) | 66.3 (64.7–67.9) | 65.1 (63.4–66.7) | 66.4 (64.8–68.0) | 0.884 (0.114) | <.001 |
| 41.4 (39.0–43.8) | 44.4 (42.1–46.8) | 46.0 (43.7–48.2) | 44.8 (42.6–46.9) | 48.0 (45.7–50.2) | 47.9 (45.6–50.2) | 46.5 (43.8–49.2) | 0.971 (0.170) | .001 |
| 54.1 (51.4–56.8) | 56.2 (53.6–58.8) | 56.0 (53.5–58.4) | 56.7 (54.2–59.2) | 56.9 (54.2–59.5) | 60.2 (57.7–62.5) | 57.3 (54.7–59.8) | 0.839 (0.161) | .001 |
| 48.0 (46.5–49.5) | 53.1 (51.8–54.5) | 52.8 (51.5–54.2) | 54.9 (53.7–56.1) | 55.6 (54.5–56.8) | 55.4 (54.2–56.6) | 56.1 (54.9–57.3) | 1.293 (0.126) | <.001 |
| 45.3 (35.5–55.6) | 38.4 (29.2–48.4) | 40.7 (32.9–49.0) | 52.7 (44.5–60.7) | 49.7 (41.0–58.5) | 54.9 (45.4–64.0) | 55.9 (45.9–65.4) | 2.168 (0.563) | .004 |
| 52.2 (50.4–54.0) | 57.5 (55.5–59.4) | 56.4 (54.5–58.2) | 58.4 (56.7–60.0) | 61.4 (59.8–63.0) | 59.1 (57.4–60.7) | 60.1 (58.4–61.8) | 1.311 (0.163) | <.001 |
| 50.1 (48.1–52.0) | 55.5 (53.7–57.3) | 56.1 (54.5–57.8) | 55.9 (54.3–57.5) | 56.3 (54.6–57.9) | 58.4 (56.8–60.1) | 58.1 (56.6–59.7) | 1.296 (0.150) | <.001 |
| 42.4 (40.1–44.6) | 43.2 (41.1–45.3) | 44.3 (42.4–46.2) | 46.5 (44.7–48.2) | 47.3 (45.5–49.1) | 47.8 (45.9–49.7) | 47.5 (45.6–49.3) | 0.991 (0.114) | <.001 |
| 48.1 (44.8–51.4) | 51.5 (48.6–54.5) | 48.6 (46.2–51.0) | 52.9 (50.3–55.4) | 56.7 (53.8–59.6) | 53.2 (50.5–55.9) | 54.0 (51.3–56.6) | 0.828 (0.191) | <.001 |
| 45.7 (44.2–47.1) | 50.1 (48.7–51.5) | 51.1 (49.8–52.4) | 51.6 (50.3–52.8) | 53.0 (51.8–54.2) | 53.6 (52.4–54.8) | 53.4 (52.1–54.6) | 1.291 (0.132) | <.001 |
| 51.7 (48.9–54.4) | 59.2 (56.6–61.7) | 57.0 (54.7–59.3) | 58.5 (56.2–60.8) | 58.3 (55.9–60.6) | 60.6 (58.3–62.7) | 59.3 (56.8–61.7) | 1.161 (1.166) | <.001 |
| 48.6 (46.4–50.8) | 53.3 (51.1–55.6) | 53.0 (51.1–54.9) | 52.3 (50.4–54.3) | 54.2 (52.3–56.0) | 55.3 (53.5–57.1) | 54.0 (52.1–56.0) | 1.302 (0.193) | <.001 |
| 44.1 (41.8–46.4) | 50.1 (48.0–52.2) | 49.2 (47.1–51.2) | 52.0 (50.2–53.8) | 54.0 (52.0–56.0) | 52.6 (50.6–54.5) | 54.1 (52.2–56.1) | 1.122 (0.139) | <.001 |
| 48.4 (46.0–50.9) | 51.5 (49.4–53.7) | 51.5 (49.4–53.6) | 53.5 (51.6–55.4) | 53.7 (51.8–55.5) | 54.7 (52.7–56.8) | 54.6 (52.6–56.5) | 1.094 (0.109) | <.001 |
| 51.2 (48.9–53.5) | 56.3 (53.8–58.7) | 56.4 (54.3–58.5) | 57.9 (55.9–59.8) | 59.4 (57.3–61.4) | 60.0 (57.9–61.9) | 58.1 (55.7–60.4) | 1.168 (0.141) | <.001 |
| 55.8 (52.3–59.3) | 59.0 (55.5–62.4) | 58.5 (55.4–61.6) | 63.1 (60.3–65.9) | 61.8 (58.6–64.8) | 59.4 (56.2–62.4) | 63.9 (60.5–67.1) | 0.887 (0.164) | <.001 |
| 46.9 (45.6–48.2) | 51.5 (50.2–52.7) | 51.5 (50.3–52.6) | 52.4 (51.3–53.5) | 54.1 (53.0–55.2) | 54.7 (53.5–55.8) | 54.0 (52.9–55.1) | 1.200 (0.131) | <.001 |
*
Prevalence estimates were age adjusted to the 2010 U.S. workers standard population by Bureau of Labor Statistics, using six age groups: 18–24, 25–34, 35–44, 45–54, 55–64, 65+ years. Estimated by age group was not age adjusted.
†
A weighted linear regression model was fitted to the annual design-adjusted rates. The weight used for each annual rate was the inverse of its variance. The P value was from linear regression model.