Table 2. Odds ratios (OR) in patients with neurological or psychiatric disease for bullous pemphigoid (BP) and mean time to BP diagnosis.
| OR (95% CI)a | Mean time to BP, years (std.dev) | HR (95% CI)a | Mean time to comorbid disease, years (std.dev) | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Central nervous system diseases | ||||
| Alzheimer’s disease | 2.64 (2.33–2.99) | 3.1 (2.5) | 1.24 (1.09–1.40) | 4.0 (4.0) |
| Vascular dementia | 3.58 (2.84–4.49) | 3,0 (2.7) | 1.67 (1.36–2.05) | 3.5 (3.8) |
| Other/unspecified dementia | 3.84 (3.37–4.37) | 3.1 (3.0) | 1.75 (1.54–1.99) | 3.7 (4.1) |
| Parkinson’s disease | 2.40 (2.00–2.87) | 4.6 (4.0) | 1.13 (0.83–1.52) | 2.2 (2.8) |
| Multiple sclerosis (MS) | 5.87 (3.93–8.53) | 12.2 (6.0) | 0.67 (0.09–4.95) | 1.6 (c) |
| Subarachnoid hemorrhage | 2.05 (1.40–2.92) | 8.5 (6.0) | 0.58 (0.26–1.31) | 3.4 (3.2) |
| Intracerebral hemorrhage | 2.62 (2.10–3.24) | 6.8 (5.6) | 1.30 (1.01–1.68) | 3.5 (3.4) |
| Cerebral infarction | 1.79 (1.62–1.97) | 5.5 (4.9) | 1.30 (1.16–1.46) | 4.1 (4.0) |
| Epilepsy | 2.33 (1.95–2.77) | 7.9 (6.8) | 1.97 (1.55–2.49) | 3.8 (3.7) |
| Viral encephalitis | 0.80 (0.28–1.77) | 8.5 (5.6) | 2.04 (1.05–3.93) | 2.8 (3.4) |
| Viral meningitis | 1.06 (0.41–2.24) | 7.3 (6.4) | 2.28 (1.09–4.77) | 3.6 (3.9) |
| Psychiatric diseasesb | ||||
| Schizotypal and delusional disorders | 2.06 (1.62–2.60) | 7.5 (6.2) | 1.82 (1.27–2.61) | 3.7 (4.5) |
| Schizophrenia | 2.65 (1.95–3.51) | 11.7 (9.0) | 1.36 (0.55–3.37) | 3.3 (4.6) |
| Bipolar affective disorder | 1.70 (1.02–2.66) | 9.4 (6.8) | 0.31 (0.04–2.23) | 7.9 (c) |
| Major depressive disorder | 1.51 (1.29–1.75) | 7.1 (5.2) | 1.14 (0.88–1.49) | 3.7 (4.4) |
| Neurotic, stress-related and somatoform disorders | 1.27 (1.02–1.57) | 7.3 (5.8) | 1.24 (0.89–1.74) | 2.9 (3.0) |
| Personality disorder | 2.17 (1.33–3.33) | 11.2 (7.7) | 1.25 (0.30–5.23) | 6.8 (9.5) |
Hazard ratios (HR) in patients with BP for neurological and psychiatric diseases and mean time to comorbid (neurological or psychiatric) diagnosis. Only diseases with statistically significant OR or HR included.
OR, odds ratio; std.dev, standard deviation; HR, hazard ratio. aAdjusted for sex and age, bPrimary diagnoses, cIncludes only one case, std.dev cannot be calculated.