Table 1. Baseline characteristics of the subjects in the estimation and validation groups.
| Variables | Estimation group | Validation group | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Bicuspid aortic valve | Control | P-value | Bicuspid aortic valve | Control | P-value | |
| Age (years) | 51.7 ± 16.7 | 53.9 ± 12.1 | 0.6149 | 49.7 ± 10.5 | 51.3 ± 12.7 | 0.6279 |
| male gender | 20 (66%) | 13 (65%) | 0.570 | 19 (63%) | 13 (65%) | 0.574 |
| Abnormal valve function | 27 (90%) | 0 (0%) | <0.0001 | 28 (93%) | 0 (0%) | <0.0001 |
| Concomitant aortopathy | 20 (66%) | 0 (0%) | <0.0001 | 22 (73%) | 0 (0%) | <0.0001 |
| Concomitant other cardiovascular structural defects | 0 (0%) | 0 (0%) | 1.00 | 0 (0%) | 0 (0%) | 1.00 |
| Atrial fibrillation | 0 (0%) | 0 (0%) | 1.00 | 0 (0%) | 0 (0%) | 1.00 |
| Atrioventricular block | 0 (0%) | 0 (0%) | 1.00 | 0 (0%) | 0 (0%) | 1.00 |
| BMI | 21.87 ± 1.41 | 21.13 ± 1.67 | 0.0978 | 20.91 ± 1.75 | 21.23 ± 1.32 | 0.4901 |
| Ejection fraction (%) | 62.8 ± 9.55 | 62.9 ± 7.83 | 0.969 | 59.1 ± 10.69 | 61.7 ± 9.73 | 0.8478 |
| Hypertension | 9 (30%) | 7 (25%) | 0.763 | 10 (33%) | 7 (35%) | 0.9025 |
| Smoking | 11 (37%) | 8 (40%) | 1.0 | 9 (30%) | 7 (35%) | 0.7103 |
| Surgical repair | 30 (100%) | 0 (0%) | <0.0001 | 30 (100%) | 0 (0%) | <0.0001 |
Continuous variables are expressed as means and standard deviation. Aortic regurgitation and/or aortic stenosis with at least moderate severity. Aortic dilation ≥40 mm, affecting any part of the aorta from sinus of valsalva to proximal descending aorta.