Table 2. Multivariable adjusted prevalence ratios (and 95% confidence intervals) for the association of birth weight categories with adult-onset diabetes, stratified by sex and maternal diabetes: ELSA-Brasil (N = 12525).

Birth weight categories
	<2.5 kg	≥2.5, ≤4 kg	>4 kg	P-value
Men
n	445	4652	540
Cases	116	1028	104
Model 1	1.15 (0.97–1.35)	1 (reference)	0.91 (0.77–1.09)	0.15
Model 2	1.06 (0.91–1.25)	1 (reference)	0.89 (0.75–1.06)	0.27
Model 3†	1.10 (0.94–1.30)	1 (reference)	0.80 (0.67–0.96)	0.01
Women
n	598	5890	400
Cases	139	866	57
Model 1	1.63 (1.40–1.90)	1 (reference)	1.00 (0.78–1.27)	<0.0001
Model 2	1.54 (1.32–1.79)	1 (reference)	0.95 (0.75–1.21)	<0.0001
Model 3†	1.53 (1.32–1.78)	1 (reference)	0.81 (0.65–1.02)	<0.0001
Maternal diabetes
n	217	2033	252
Cases	91	504	57
Model 1	1.66 (1.40–1.96)	1 (reference)	0.91 (0.72–1.15)	<0.0001
Model 2‡	1.60 (1.35–1.91)	1 (reference)	0.90 (0.71–1.13)	<0.0001
Model 3	1.61 (1.35–1.91)	1 (reference)	0.81 (0.65–1.02)	<0.0001
No maternal diabetes
n	826	8509	688
Cases	164	1390	104
Model 1	1.23 (1.07–1.41)	1 (reference)	0.98 (0.82–1.16)	0.03
Model 2‡	1.15 (0.99–1.32)	1 (reference)	0.93 (0.78–1.11)	0.13
Model 3	1.18 (1.02–1.36)	1 (reference)	0.81 (0.68–0.97)	0.003

Model 1: adjusted for age, study center; Model 2: + race/color, maternal education, father diagnosed with diabetes; Model 3: + BMI at baseline.

^†Further adjusted for mother diagnosed with diabetes.

^‡Further adjusted for sex. P-value represents the test for an overall association of the different categories of estimated birth weight with diabetes. P-values were obtained from chi-square tests which measured the divergence of the observed frequencies of adult-onset diabetes across birth weight categories from the values that would be expected under the null hypothesis of no association.