Table 3. Multivariable adjusted prevalence ratios (and 95% confidence intervals) for the association of birth weight categories with adult-onset diabetes, stratified jointly by sex and maternal diabetes: ELSA-Brasil (N = 12525).

Birth weight categories
	<2.5 kg	≥2.5, ≤4 kg	>4 kg	P-value
Men whose mothers had history of diabetes
n	91	887	130
Cases	43	265	34
Model 1	1.53 (1.21–1.92)	1 (reference)	0.85 (0.63–1.15)	0.004
Model 2	1.45 (1.15–1.83)	1 (reference)	0.86 (0.64–1.15)	0.01
Model 3	1.54 (1.23–1.93)	1 (reference)	0.81 (0.60–1.10)	0.002
Men whose mothers did not have history of diabetes
n	354	3765	410
Cases	73	763	70
Model 1	0.98 (0.80–1.21)	1 (reference)	0.91 (0.73–1.12)	0.64
Model 2	0.92 (0.74–1.14)	1 (reference)	0.91 (0.74–1.13)	0.53
Model 3	0.94 (0.75–1.17)	1 (reference)	0.80 (0.64–1.00)	0.09
Women whose mothers had history of diabetes
n	126	1146	122
Cases	48	239	23
Model 1	1.78 (1.39–2.29)	1 (reference)	0.94 (0.65–1.37)	0.001
Model 2	1.77 (1.37–2.29)	1 (reference)	0.98 (0.68–1.41)	0.002
Model 3	1.66 (1.28–2.17)	1 (reference)	0.82 (0.57–1.17)	0.002
Women whose mothers did not have history of maternal diabetes
n	472	4744	278
Cases	91	627	34
Model 1	1.55 (1.28–1.87)	1 (reference)	0.93 (0.68–1.28)	0.0008
Model 2	1.45 (1.20–1.75)	1 (reference)	0.93 (0.68–1.26)	0.003
Model 3	1.50 (1.26–1.79)	1 (reference)	0.80 (0.60–1.08)	0.0002

Model 1: adjusted for age, study center; Model 2: + race/color, maternal education, father diagnosed with diabetes; Model 3: + BMI at baseline. P-value represents the test for an overall association of the different categories of estimated birth weight with diabetes. P-values were obtained from chi-square tests which measured the divergence of the observed frequencies of adult-onset diabetes across birth weight categories from the values that would be expected under the null hypothesis of no association.