Table 2. Comparison between patients with and without diabetes mellitusa.
| Characteristic | Diabetes mellitus + | Diabetes mellitus − | P-value |
|---|---|---|---|
| Age (years) | 65 (25–91) | 60 (17–94) | <0.001 |
| Female | 85/183 (46) | 617/1248 (49) | 0.477 |
| Symptoms and signs on admission | |||
| Headache | 117/148 (79) | 899/1089 (83) | 0.304 |
| Neck stiffness | 125/173 (72) | 868/1167 (74) | 0.577 |
| Temperature ≥38 °C | 144/181 (80) | 905/1228 (74) | 0.100 |
| Triad of fever, neck stiffness, and change in mental status | 86/173 (50) | 489/1190 (41) | 0.039 |
| Predisposing factorsb | 44/183 (24) | 306/1247 (25) | 0.927 |
| Distant focus of infection | 87/171 (51) | 520/1201 (43) | 0.070 |
| Blood chemistry tests | |||
| Leukocyte count (x109/L) | 16.3 (2.5–41.9) | 17.0 (0.1–99.8) | 0.659 |
| Thrombocytes (x1012/L) | 208 (39–868) | 198 (0–955) | 0.005 |
| C-reactive protein (mg/L) | 172 (4–736) | 192 (0–752) | 0.336 |
| Glucose (mmol/L) | 12.6 (1.5–30.9) | 8.8 (0.1–31.3) | <0.001 |
| Indexes of inflammation in CSF | |||
| Leukocyte count (cells/mm3) | 3,300 (1–75,000) | 2,315 (0–463,149) | 0.005 |
| Leukocyte count <1000 cells/mm3 | 44/177 (25) | 390/1136 (34) | 0.013 |
| Independent CSF predictors present | 160/183 (87) | 1071/1248 (86) | 0.648 |
| CSF/blood glucose ratio | 0.16 (0.00–1.55) | 0.03 (0.00–1.67) | <0.001 |
| Causative organism | |||
| Streptococcus pneumoniae | 139/183 (76) | 876/1248 (70) | 0.117 |
| Neisseria meningitidis | 10/183 (5) | 137/1248 (11) | 0.019 |
| Listeria monocytogenes | 11/183 (6) | 68/1248 (5) | 0.729 |
| Outcome | |||
| Unfavorable outcome | 82/183 (45) | 449/1248 (36) | 0.022 |
| Mortality | 43/183 (23) | 198/1248 (16) | 0.015 |
| Neurological sequelae | 49/122 (40) | 326/925 (35) | 0.315 |
| Hearing loss | 16/124 (13) | 118/1047 (11) | 0.553 |
CSF: cerebrospinal fluid. P values < 0.05 are giving in bold.
aData are presented as n/N (%), or median (range).
bOther than immunosuppressive drugs.