Table 1.
Characteristics of 27 included studies for meta–analysis on prostate cancer and alcohol consumption
| Author | Study country | Cases/Na | Outcomeb | Designc | Age range | Follow–up yrs | Covariates assessd |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Studies with both biases | |||||||
| Stemmermann, [11] | US | 227/8006 | M/M | P–cohort | 46–65 | 25.5 | 1,4 |
| Tavani et al., [12] | Italy | 281/880 | Morb | Hos–CC | 25–79 | u/a | 1,2,4,5 |
| Breslow et al., [30] | US | 252/5766 | M/M | P–cohort | 25–75 | 17.0 | 1,2,3 |
| Schuurman et al., [44] | Netherlands | 680/58279 | Morb | P–cohort | 55–69 | 6.3 | 1,2 |
| Lund Nilsen et, [37] | Norway | 644/22895 | M/M | P–cohort | 40–99 | 9.3 | 1 |
| Ellison, [34] | Canada | 145/3400 | M/M | R–cohort | 50–84 | 23.0 | 1 |
| Sesso et al., [4] | US | 366/7612 | M/M | P–cohort | 30–68 | 5.0 | 1,4,5,6 |
| Velicer et al., [46] | US | 816/34565 | Morb | P–cohort | 50–76 | 4.0 | 1 |
| McGregor et al., [38] | Canada | 947/1986 | Morb | Pop–CC | –79 | u/a | 1 |
| Sawada et al., [43] | Japan | 913/48218 | Morb | P–cohort | 40–79 | 16.0 | 1,4,5 |
| Studies with former drinker bias only | |||||||
| Jain et al., [35] | Canada | 617/1254 | Morb | Pop–CC | 48–92 | u/a | 1,4 |
| Putnam et al., [41] | US | 101/1572 | M/M | P–cohort | 40–86 | 9.0 | 1 |
| Platz et al., [40] | US | 2479/47843 | M/M | P–cohort | 40–75 | 12.0 | 1,3,5,6 |
| Weinstein et al., [47] | Finland | 1270/27111 | M/M | P–cohort | 50–69 | 17.0 | 1,7 |
| Rohrmann et al., [42] | Europee | 2655/142647 | M/M | P–cohort | 40–65 | 8.7 | 4,5 |
| Watters et al., [5] | US | 17227/294707 | M/M | P–cohort | 50–71 | 7.0 | 1,2,3,4,5,6 |
| Studies with occasional drinker bias only | |||||||
| Hiatt et al., [9] | US | 238/43432 | Morb | P–cohort | 30–99 | 4.6 | 1,2,3 |
| Andersson et al., [28] | Sweden | 256/508 | Morb | Pop–CC | –79 | u/a | 1 |
| Hayes et al., [6] | US | 981/2296 | Morb | Pop–CC | 40–79 | u/a | 1,3 |
| Baglietto et al., [29] | Australia | 732/16872 | M/M | P–cohort | 27–70 | 10.3 | 1 |
| Breslow et al., [48] | US | 8362/323354 | Mort | P–cohort | 18–99 | 8.3 | 1,2,3,5 |
| Studies with neither abstainer bias | |||||||
| De Stefani et al., [33] | Uruguay | 156/458 | Morb | Hos–CC | 40–89 | u/a | 1,2,4 |
| Lumey et al., [36] | US | 699/2740 | Morb | Hos–CC | 36–81 | u/a | 1,2,3 |
| Crispo et al., [32] | Italy | 2663/4114 | Morb | Hos–CC | 46–74 | u/a | 1,2,5,6 |
| Chang et al., [31] | Sweden | 1499/2629 | Morb | Pop–CC | 45–79 | u/a | 1 |
| Pelucchi et al., [39] | Italy | 1294/2745 | Morb | Hos–CC | 46–79 | u/a | 1 |
| Sutcliffe et al., [45] | US | 3348/45433 | M/M | P–cohort | 40–75 | 16.0 | 1,3,5,6 |
Note: a N = cases + controls in a case–control study. bM/M = mortality and morbidity, Morb = morbidity and Mort = mortality. cP–cohort = prospective cohort, R–cohort = retrospective cohort, Pop–CC = population–based case–control, Hos–CC = hospital–based case–control. d1: age; 2: social status; 3: race; 4: smoking status; 5: body mass index; 6: exercise. e10 European countries: Denmark, France, Germany, Great Britain, Greece, Italy, The Netherlands, Norway, Spain and Sweden