Table 4.
Screening strategies for diagnosing culture-confirmed pulmonary tuberculosis
| Screening without Urine LAM | Screening with Urine LAM | Difference | |
|---|---|---|---|
| LR- (95% CI) | LR- (95% CI) | ||
| Entire Cohort | |||
| Cough | 0.68 (0.56–0.83) | 0.50 (0.38–0.65) | −0.18 |
| Any TB-related Symptoma | 0.57 (0.40–0.80) | 0.45 (0.30–0.68) | −0.12 |
| Any TB-related Symptoma or Abnormal chest x-ray | 0.43 (0.29–0.64) | 0.34 (0.22–0.55) | −0.09 |
| Cohort with CD4 ≥ 100 cells/mm3 | |||
| Cough | 0.74 (0.57–0.97) | 0.58 (0.41–0.83) | −0.16 |
| Any TB-related Symptoma | 0.75 (0.50–1.12) | 0.61 (0.37–0.98) | −0.14 |
| Any TB-related Symptoma or Abnormal chest x-ray | 0.62 (0.39–0.98) | 0.51 (0.30–0.88) | −0.11 |
| Cohort with CD4 < 100 cells/mm3 | |||
| Cough | 0.66 (0.50–0.89) | 0.46 (0.30–0.68) | −0.20 |
| Any TB-related Symptoma | 0.48 (0.27–0.86) | 0.36 (0.18–0.72) | −0.12 |
| Any TB-related Symptoma or Abnormal chest x-ray | 0.32 (0.15–0.68) | 0.24 (0.10–0.58) | −0.08 |
CI confidence interval, LAM lipoarabinomannan, LR likelihood ratio, TB tuberculosis
aTB-related symptoms were current cough, fever, night sweats, and weight loss