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. 2016 Nov 14;7:168. doi: 10.1186/s13287-016-0417-x

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© The Author(s). 2016

Open AccessThis article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated.

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Fig. 4 — Morphological characteristics and immunohistochemical analyses of PDLSCS, JBMMSCS, and CSCS. a The arrangement of cells in all three cell sheets was observed by SEM. b H&E staining showed all three cell sheets were dense and contained plenty of cells, which could ensure collagen secretion. c-j All three cell sheets positively expressed ALP, BSP, COL-1, OCN, RUNX2, fibronectin, periostin and integrinβ1. ALP, BSP, OCN, RUNX2 and periostin indicated the osteogenic differentiation capacity. COL-1, integrinβ1, and fibronectin were the markers of ECM. PDLSCS periodontal ligament stem cell sheet, JBMMSCS jaw bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cell sheet, CSCS composite stem cell sheet. The scale bar represents 100 μm