Table 2.

Combined Effect Sizes for Mu Desynchronization During Execution

Moderators	k	N	d	95% CI	Q homogeneity	Qa contrast
Total for mu desynchronization over central scalp locations	39	701	.46***	.39, .54	65.88**
Object-directed						.13
No	16	268	.48***	.36, .60	17.75
Yes	23	433	.45***	.35, .55	47.99***
Type of baseline						1.59
Static	11	229	.47***	.33, .61	22.19*
Dynamic	10	200	.39***	.25, .54	7.48
No stimulus	18	272	.51***	.39, .63	33.28**
Type of baseline						.71
Biological	6	143	.43***	.24, .61	4.46
Nonbiological	14	253	.46***	.33, .58	23.22*
No stimulus	18	272	.51***	.39, .63	33.28**
Age						.07
0–4 years	4	85	.43***	.20, .66	3.30
5–18 years	2	30	.61***	.25, .97	.34
>18 years	33	586	.46***	.38, .55	60.72**
Gender						.19
>70% male	2	30	.61***	.27, .95	.34
>70% female	6	118	.46***	.30, .63	19.27**
Mixed	25	488	.42***	.34, .50	31.50
Effect size						15.85***
Reported	31	559	.52***	.45, .59	43.21
Estimated	8	142	.21**	.08, .34	3.65
Noncentral scalp locations						n.a.
Frontal	8	119	.19*	.03, .35	12.23
Parietal	6	117	.27**	.09, .46	10.23
Temporal	2	26	.30*	.01, .59	.01
Occipital	9	216	.14*	.01, .27	14.83

Note. k = number of study outcomes; N = total sample size; d = effect size (Cohen’s d); 95% CI = 95% confidence interval around the point estimate of the effect size; Q_homogeneity = homogeneity statistic; Q_contrast = moderation statistic; n.a. = not applicable.

^aSubgroups with k < 4 excluded from contrast.

^*p < .05.

^**p < .01.

^***p < .001.