Study design. Six pigs were prospectively divided into control, endoscopic balloon dilation (EBD), and transplantation groups. All pigs underwent endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD). Two pigs were observed after ESD (Control group), two underwent EBD alone (EBD group), and two underwent EBD followed by transplantation of epidermal cell sheets (ECSs) (transplantation group). Three weeks after ESD, the six pigs were euthanized for further analyses.