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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2017 Sep 1.
Published in final edited form as: Psychol Bull. 2016 Jul 14;142(9):969–990. doi: 10.1037/bul0000053

Table 3.

Results for sleep continuity domain.

SLEEP CONTINUITY MAIN RESULTS AGE < 18 yrs. WOMEN MEN COMORBIDITY
ES SE t dgf p-Value ES SE t dgf p-Value ES SE t dgf p-Value ES SE t dgf p-Value ES SE t dgf p-Value
Affective disorders −0,82 0,13 −6,23 48,17 0,000 −1,16 0,44 −2,65 7,97 0,029 −0,75 0,40 −1,88 9,95 0,089 −0,83 0,27 −3,04 15,34 0,008 −0,78 0,26 −3,02 15,13 0,009
Major depressive disorder −0,90 0,12 −7,26 44,26 0,000 −1,16 0,44 −2,65 7,97 0,029 −1,15 0,21 −5,53 7,81 0,001 −0,83 0,27 −3,04 15,34 0,008 −0,78 0,26 −3,02 15,13 0,009
Seasonal affective disorder 1,21 0,93 1,30 1,99 0,324
Anxiety disorders −0,59 0,17 −3,43 17,80 0,003 −0,92 0,41 −2,22 6,07 0,068 −0,58 0,24 −2,45 1,96 0,136
Panic diosrder −0,47 0,21 −2,17 2,85 0,123
Post-traumatic stress disorder −0,72 0,32 −2,27 10,27 0,046 −0,92 0,41 −2,22 6,07 0,068
Eating disorder
Anorexia nervosa −0,96 0,31 −3,10 2,74 0,060 −0,96 0,31 −3,10 2,74 0,060
Externalizing disorders
Attentional deficit hyperactivity disorder −0,20 0,21 −0,97 5,89 0,372 −0,15 0,17 −0,88 4,09 0,429 −0,24 0,25 −0,96 4,05 0,389
Pervasive developmental disorders
Asperger syndrome −1,35 0,37 −3,67 1,97 0,069
Autistic disorder −1,35 0,47 −2,84 5,64 0,032 −0,95 0,27 −3,57 3,85 0,025 −1,47 0,19 −7,65 1,91 0,019
Personality disorders
Borderline Personality disorder −0,64 0,13 −4,87 3,54 0,011
Schizophrenia −1,03 0,12 −8,54 8,46 0,000 −0,89 0,03 −28,88 1,99 0,001 −1,12 0,24 −4,76 2,75 0,021

Abbreviations: ES= effect size (Hedges’g); SE= standard error; t=t-test; dfg=degrees of freedom. Significant results are evidenced in bold if dgf>or=4 (dgf<4 could indicate too few cases for the application of the robust variance estimation method). Marginally significant results (0.05–0.07) are evidenced in bold and italics if dgf> or =4.