Table 1.

Infection rates for implanted devices with associated references

Vascular access devices	*BSI per 1000 †IVD days	References
Peripheral intravenous catheter	<1	(140)
Arterial catheter	1–3.4	(141, 142)
Central venous catheter (non-dialysis)	2.5–4	(19, 20)
Peripherally inserted central catheter	2–3	(143, 144)
Dialysis catheters	4.2–5.3	(20, 21)
Venous access ports	0.11–0.76	(145, 146)
Cardiac devices	Incidence	References
Intra-aortic balloon pump	0.08–0.13%	(147, 148)
Left ventricular assist device	16–36%	(28, 29, 149)
Heart valve	7–15%	(24, 25)
Cardiac implantable electronic devices	5–20%	(150)
Prosthetic joints	Incidence	References
Shoulder	1.2%	(31)
Hip	1–2%	(31, 32, 35)
Knee	1–4%	(31, 32, 35)
Elbow	5%	(34)
Urinary devices	‡UTI per 1000 catheter days	References
Foley catheter	3.1–7.5	(37)
Other devices	Incidence	References
Mesh for ventral hernia repair	1–10%	(38, 39)
Ventriculoperitoneal shunt	0.25–1%	(43)
Peritoneal dialysis catheter	20%	(41)

^*BSI – Bloodstream infection

^†IVD – Intravascular device

^‡UTI – Urinary tract infection