Impact of HMGA1 on cell growth and migration in in vitro models. Effect of overexpression of HMGA1 in (A) PCL5 and (C) HEPG2 and down-regulation of HMGA1 in (E) SNU449 and (G) SNU182 on cell growth compared to cells transfected with empty vector control. Effect of overexpression of HMGA1 in (B) PCL5 and (D) HEPG2 and down-regulation of HMGA1 in (F) SNU449 and (h) SNU182 on cell migration using Transwell assays compared to cells transfected with empty vector. Quantification was performed using a spectrophotometer (FLU: Fluorescence spectroscopy of dyes). All experiments were performed in triplicates. Error bars, SD of the mean. Statistical comparisons were performed using (A, C, E, G) Holm-Šídák-corrected multiple t tests and (B, D, F, H) Mann-Whitney U tests. P < .05 was considered statistically significant.