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. 2016 Nov 16;6:158. doi: 10.3389/fcimb.2016.00158

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Copyright © 2016 Afzal, Shafeeq, Manzoor, Henriques-Normark and Kuipers.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) or licensor are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Verification of dre sites in PnagA, PnagB, and PglmS. Expression levels (in Miller units) of PnagA-lacZ, PnagB-lacZ, PglmS-lacZ, PnagA-M-lacZ, PnagB-M-lacZ, PglmS1-M-lacZ, and PglmS3-M-lacZ in S. pneumoniae D39 wild-type grown in CDM with 0.5% glucose (A) and 0.5% NAG (B). PnagA-M-lacZ and PnagB-M-lacZ represent promoter lacZ-fusions of nagA and nagB with mutated dre sites, whereas PglmS1-M-lacZ and PglmS3-M-lacZ represents promoter-lacZ-fusions with mutated dre site 1 and 3, respectively in PglmS. Standard deviations of three independent experiments are indicated in bars. Statistical significance of the differences in the expression levels was determined by one-way ANOVA (NS, not significant, ^**P < 0.001, and ^***P < 0.0001).