Table 1.

Zero-order correlations between ERSPs, behavioral indices and ln(k).

	ERSPs & Behavioral Indices	Motivated-Learning Inaccurate Estimation	Control Inaccurate Estimation	Delay-Discounting Tendencies Ln(k)
Cue-locked	Reward-Trial Delta	−.377^*	.047	−.076
	No-Reward-Trial Delta	−.069	.125	−.143
	ΔReward Delta	−.359^*	−.090	.080
Pre-feedback	Reward-Trial Alpha Suppression	.375^*	.209	.441^**
	No-Reward-Trial Alpha Suppression	.327^†	.237	.254
	ΔReward Alpha Suppression	.196	.035	.400^*
Feedback-locked Reward-Evaluation	Reward-Trial Delta	−.507^**	−.185	−.264
	No-Reward-Trial Delta	−.321^†	−.178	−.194
	ΔReward Delta	−.466^**	−.052	−.191
	Reward-Trial Theta	−.536^**	−.117	−.407^*
	No-Reward-Trial Theta	−.302^†	−.131	−.293^†
	ΔReward Theta	−.563^**	−.043	−.344^*
	Reward-Trial Beta	−.377^*	.071	−.427^**
	No-Reward-Trial Beta	−.302^†	.061	−.361^*
	ΔReward Beta	−.237	.038	−.246^a
Feedback-locked Performance-Evaluation	Bad-Performance Delta	−.480^**	−.205	−.196
	Good-Performance Delta	−.338^*	−.14	−.242
	ΔPerformance Delta	−.16	−.075	.079
	Bad-Performance Theta	−.470^**	−.15	−.354^*
	Good-Performance Theta	−.454^**	−.076	−.400^*
	ΔPerformance Theta	−.217	−.191	−.051
	Bad-Performance Beta	−.254	.149	−.303^†
	Good-Performance Beta	−.365^*	−.013	−.436^**
	ΔPerformance Beta	.109	.202	.138
Performance	Experimental Inaccurate Estimation	-	.266	.393^*
Performance	Control Inaccurate Estimation	-	-	.014

Note. For feedback-locked Reward-Evaluation ERSPs, ERSPs were collapsing across Bad-Performance and Good-Performance feedbacks. ΔReward ERSPs were calculated by subtracting No-Reward-Trial ERSPs from Reward-Trial ERSPs. Similarly, for feedback-locked Performance-Evaluation ERSPs, ERSPs were collapsing across Reward- and No-Reward-Trial feedbacks. ΔPerformance ERSPs were calculated by subtracting Good-Performance ERSPs from Bad-Performance ERSPs. More negative values of ΔReward Alpha-Suppression reflect the greater suppression of alpha activity during Reward trials (relative to No-Reward trials). Inaccurate Estimation refers to the deviation from the goal of estimating time (3.5 s), and therefore high values reflect worse performance. Motivated-Learning Inaccurate Estimation and Control Inaccurate Estimation refer to Inaccurate Estimation indices during the last block of the experimental session, and during the control blocks (i.e., before the learning occurred), respectively.

^**

p < .01,

p < .05,

^†

p < .10 (2-tailed).

became significant (r(35) = −.36, p = .03), after a bivariate outlier was removed (see Figure 11).