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. 2016 Nov 16;6:37279. doi: 10.1038/srep37279

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Copyright © 2016, The Author(s)

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(A) Cell cycle analysis was evaluated by propidium iodide staining and flow cytometry analysis. There was significant increase in sub-G1 and decrease in G1 populations in the 10 mM treatment group compared to the control group. A: sub-G1 phase; B: G1 phase; C: S phase; D: G2/M phase. (B) RPE cell integrity was determined by immunofluorescence analysis of tight junction protein (ZO-1; green). The expression of ZO-1 was dose-dependently inhibited with increasing concentrations of sodium iodate. Scale bars: 50 μm. (C) Mitochondrial oxidative stress analysis by MitoTimer reporter in sodium iodate-treated ARPE-19 cells. Fluorescence was shifted from green to red when mitochondria were oxidized. RPE cells with 5 and 10 mM sodium treatments were more oxidized compared to 2 mM and the control group. Blue: DAPI (nuclei). Scale bars: 50 μm. ‘***’p < 0.001.