Table 5.
Predictors of hospitalization during diagnosis and treatment of active TB cases, notified to Montreal public health between January 1996 -- May 2007, stratified by timing of hospitalization (N = 1852)
| Characteristics | Any initial hospitalization (yes/no) | Any hospitalization during treatment (yes/no) | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Number of patients (%) | Crude OR (95% CI) |
Adjusted ORa
(95% CI) |
Number of patients (%) | Crude OR (95% CI) |
Adjusted ORa
(95% CI) |
|
| Male | 536 (54.0) | 1.30 (1.07–1.57) | - | 91 (9.2) | 1.08 (0.78–1.49) | - |
| Female | 399 (47.4) | 1.00 | 72 (8.6) | 1.00 | ||
| Age group | ||||||
| 0–19 years | 85 (59.4) | 2.04 (1.38–3.00) | 2.52 (1.63–3.92) | 15 (10.5) | 2.09 (1.10–3.97) | 2.82 (1.38–5.76) |
| 20–34 years | 279 (46.4) | 1.00 | 1.00 | 32 (5.3) | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| 35–64 years | 249 (54.7) | 1.39 (1.11–1.73) | 1.09 (0.83–1.43) | 60 (8.7) | 1.64 (1.05–2.56) | 1.11 (0.68–1.81) |
| ≥ 65 years | 258 (66.2) | 1.92 (1.47–2.51) | 1.13 (0.80–1.59) | 58 (14.9) | 3.11 (1.98–4.89) | 2.19 (1.25–3.85) |
| Had provincial health insurance # | ||||||
| Yes | 804 (53.6) | 1.75 (1.37–2.24) | - | 149 (9.9) | 2.05 (1.24–3.40) | - |
| No | 138 (39.1) | 1.00 | 18 (5.1) | 1.00 | ||
| Country of birth | - | - | ||||
| Canada | 196 (61.8) | 2.02 (1.48–2.75) | 51 (16.1) | 2.61 (1.59–4.30) | ||
| Foreign, low-moderate TB incidence | 551 (49.6) | 1.16 (0.92–1.47) | 85 (7.6) | 1.13 (0.72–1.78) | ||
| Foreign, high TB incidence country | 174 (45.8) | 1.00 | 26 (6.8) | 1.00 | ||
| Immigration, years since arrival | ||||||
| Foreign-born, unknown arrival date | 53 (41.4) | 0.41 (0.27–0.63) | - | 13 (10.2) | 0.59 (0.31–1.13) | - |
| 15 or more years | 204 (60.4) | 0.90 (0.65–1.25) | 37 (11.0) | 0.64 (0.41–1.01) | ||
| 3–14 years | 269 (49.7) | 0.58 (0.43–0.77) | 39 (7.2) | 0.41 (0.26–0.63) | ||
| 0–2 years | 199 (41.0) | 0.41 (0.30–0.54) | 22 (4.5) | 0.25 (0.15–0.42) | ||
| Canadian-born | 196 (61.8) | 1.00 | 51 (16.1) | 1.00 | ||
| Homeless | - | - | ||||
| Yes | 8 (88.9) | 7.46 (0.93–59.66) | 2 (22.2) | 2.91 (0.60–14.11) | ||
| No | 934 (50.7) | 1.00 | 165 (9.0) | 1.00 | ||
| Cancer | - | |||||
| Yes | 30 (73.2) | 2.23 (1.09–4.53) | 13 (31.7) | 5.00 (2.54–9.84) | 3.43 (1.63–7.23) | |
| No | 912 (50.4) | 1.00 | 154 (8.5) | 1.00 | 1.00 | |
| Diabetes | - | - | ||||
| Yes | 98 (74.2) | 2.83 (1.88–4.26) | 21 (15.9) | 2.04 (1.24–3.35) | ||
| No | 844 (49.1) | 1.00 | 146 (8.5) | 1.00 | ||
| HIV | ||||||
| Positive | 111 (76.0) | 3.24 (2.17–4.85) | 1.46 (0.90–2.36) | 36 (24.7) | 3.84 (2.60–5.97) | 3.31 (1.96–5.60) |
| Negative or unknown | 831 (48.7) | 1.00 | 1.00 | 131 (7.7) | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| Renal disease | - | |||||
| Yes | 83 (79.1) | 3.92 (2.38–6.47) | 1.99 (1.10–3.59) | 22 (21.0) | 2.93 (1.78–4.83) | |
| No | 859 (49.2) | 1.00 | 1.00 | 145 (8.3) | 1.00 | |
| Liver disease | - | |||||
| Yes | 105 (68.6) | 2.02 (1.40–2.92) | - | 25 (16.3) | 2.14 (1.35–3.40) | |
| No | 837 (49.3) | 1.00 | 142 (8.4) | 1.00 | ||
| Ever substance abuse | - | |||||
| Yes | 176 (70.7) | 2.69 (1.99–3.63) | - | 32 (12.9) | 1.60 (1.06–2.42) | |
| No | 766 (47.8) | 1.00 | 135 (8.4) | 1.00 | ||
| Number of co-morbidities | ||||||
| 2 or more | 316 (77.3) | 5.31 (4.04–6.98) | 3.56 (2.50–5.07) | 76 (18.6) | 5.44 (3.64–8.14) | 2.90 (1.69–4.96) |
| 1 | 242 (53.9) | 1.84 (1.46–2.32) | 1.43 (1.08–1.89) | 51 (11.4) | 3.06 (1.99–4.70) | 2.17 (1.31–3.60) |
| 0 | 384 (38.6) | 1.00 | 1.00 | 40 (4.0) | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| Ever smoker | - | |||||
| Yes | 306 (62.6) | 1.92 (1.54–2.39) | - | 61 (12.5) | 1.69 (1.21–2.36) | |
| No | 636 (46.7) | 1.00 | 106 (7.8) | 1.00 | ||
| TB diagnosis | - | |||||
| Pulmonary, Smear+ | 447 (72.2) | 3.87 (3.02–4.96) | 1.48 (1.04–2.09) | 70 (11.3) | 1.43 (0.97–2.12) | |
| Pulmonary, Smear- | 257 (41.2) | 1.05 (0.83–1.32) | 0.65 (0.46–0.90) | 47 (7.5) | 0.91 (0.60–1.40) | |
| Extra-pulmonary | 228 (40.5) | 1.00 | 1.00 | 46 (8.2) | 1.00 | |
| Cavitary TB | - | |||||
| Yes | 230 (68.5) | 2.49 (1.92–3.23) | 1.75 (1.28–2.40) | 25 (7.4) | 0.76 (0.48–1.19) | |
| No | 712 (47.0) | 1.00 | 1.00 | 142 (9.4) | 1.00 | |
| Miliary TB | ||||||
| Yes | 29 (82.9) | 5.33 (2.05–13.87) | 3.53 (1.26–9.88) | 8 (22.9) | 3.09 (1.38–6.92) | 2.09 (0.88–4.96) |
| No | 913 (50.3) | 1.00 | 1.00 | 159 (8.8) | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| Any pulmonary TB-related symptoms | ||||||
| Yes | 853 (55.8) | 3.45 (2.63–4.53) | 2.12 (1.44–3.11) | 149 (9.7) | 1.77 (1.07–2.93) | - |
| No | 89 (27.6) | 1.00 | 1.00 | 18 (5.6) | 1.00 | |
| Any systemic TB-related symptoms | ||||||
| Yes | 697 (68.5) | 5.18 (4.22–6.36) | 3.54 (2.82–4.46) | 123 (12.1) | 2.44 (1.70–3.50) | 1.72 (1.16–2.57) |
| No | 245 (28.4) | 1.00 | 1.00 | 44 (5.3) | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| Multidrug or poly-drug resistance | ||||||
| Yes | 26 (78.8) | 3.95 (1.61–9.67) | 6.98 (2.65–18.30) | 8 (24.2) | 3.48 (1.54–7.89) | 5.55 (2.18–14.14) |
| No | 914 (51.2) | 1.00 | 1.00 | 157 (8.8) | 1.00 | 1.00 |
OR odds ratio, CI confidence interval
aModels adjusted for all reported variables