Table 4.
Polymorphism in partial sequences of DHFR-TS from P. ovale and P. malariae isolates in the China–Myanmar border area
| P. falciparum | A16 | C50 | N51 | M55 | K56 | Y57 | F58 | C59 | A60 | T62 | T63 | S108 | L131 | K155 | F162 | I164 | Y226 | K341 | 3D7 Reference |
| P. falciparum | V | R | I | – | – | – | – | R | – | – | – | N/T | – | – | – | L | – | – | Mutant type [51] |
| P. vivax | I13 | C49 | N50 | M54 | K55 | Y56 | F57 | S58 | S59 | T61 | T62 | S117 | L140 | K164 | F171 | I173 | Y235 | K357 | Pv_Sal-1 |
| P. vivax | L | – | – | – | – | – | L/T | R | – | M | – | N | – | – | – | L | – | – | Mutant type [51] |
| Po. curtisi | A15 | Y49 | N50 | I54 | S55 | Y56 | F57 | S58 | S59 | T61 | T62 | S113 | L136 | K160 | F167 | I169 | Y231 | K370 | KP050405 [52] |
| Po. curtisi | S | – | – | – | – | – | – | R | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | KP050408 [52] |
| Po. wallikeri | A15 | C49 | N50 | I54 | S55 | Y56 | F57 | S58 | S59 | T61 | T62 | S113 | L136 | K160 | F167 | I169 | Y231 | K374 | KP050406 [52] ] |
| Po. wallikeri | – | – | – | – | – | C | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | EU266605 [12] |
| Po. wallikeri | – | – | – | – | – | – | L | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | KP050409 [52] |
| C0100511 | Y | N | I | S | Y | F | S | S | T | T | S | L | K | F | I | Y | K | China (KX672038) | |
| M0102751 | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | A | C | – | – | – | – | H | E | Myanmar (KX672039) | |
| M0500214 | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | T | C | – | – | – | – | Y | K | Myanmar (KX672037) | |
| P. malariae | A15 | S49 | N50 | M54 | K55 | Y56 | F57 | S58 | S59 | T61 | T62 | S114 | L137 | K161 | F168 | I170 | F232 | K355 | EF188271, Pm3 [44] |
| P. malariae | – | – | K | – | E | – | – | R | A | – | – | N/G | – | S | S | M | – | – | Mutant type [44, 51] |
| C0400117 | S | N | M | K | Y | F | S | S | T | T | S | L | K | F | I | F | K | China (KX672042) | |
| M0N00290 | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | Myanmar (KX672043) | |
| M0N00556 | A | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | Myanmar (KX672041) |
| M0N00648 | A | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | P | R | – | – | – | – | Myanmar (KX672040) |
For P. falciparum and P. vivax dhfr genes, mutations related to pyrimethamine resistance are indicated by italics. In the P. ovale and P. malariae dhfr genes, equivalent residues known to be related to pyrimethamine resistance in the P. falciparum and P. vivax dhfr genes are shown in underlines only.