. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2016 Nov 16.

Published in final edited form as: Obesity (Silver Spring). 2010 Sep 16;19(3):560–567. doi: 10.1038/oby.2010.205

Table 4. Integrated and average fasting hormone values (mean ± s.e.) over both study days in NW and OB children.

	Normal weight	Obese	P
Integrated^a
nsulin (μU/ml)	170 ± 12	452 ± 71	< 0.001
PYY (pg/ml)	1,176 ± 88	1,350 ± 106	0.21
Leptin (ng/ml)	39 ± 7	229 ± 41	< 0.001
Ghrelin (pg/ml)	264 ± 22	191 ± 22	0.027
Average fasting^b
Insulin (μU/ml)	20.2 ± 1.4	38.5 ± 4.3	< 0.001
PYY (pg/ml)	235 ± 19	277 ± 31	0.25
Leptin (ng/ml)	8.9 ± 1.6	51.9 ± 8.7	< 0.001
Ghrelin (pg/ml)	66.0 ± 5.1	55.1 ± 7.9	0.26

Data were compared by unpaired two-tailed t-test. N = 15–17 for all data indicated and include those subjects for whom all samples on both study days were suitable for analyses (a few samples were not adequate due to insufficient volume).

NW, normal weight; OB, obese.

Summation of pre-meal and pre-bedtime snack values for each child on each day (8 values per child).

Average of two pre-breakfast values.