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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2016 Nov 16.
Published in final edited form as: Trends Genet. 2015 Aug 20;31(9):516–527. doi: 10.1016/j.tig.2015.07.005

Table I.

PTMs discussed in this review

H3K4me3 Promoter regions of active and poised genes Transcriptional activation or poising in active or bivalent domains, respectively; catalyzed by enzymes of the Trithorax group: MLL1–4, SETD1A, and SETD1B
H3K27me3 Promoter regions of silent and poised genes; large heterochromatin blocks Transcriptional repression or poising in silent or bivalent domains, respectively; catalyzed by the Polycomb Repressive Complex 2 (PRC2), which contains EZH2 (or EZH1), SUZ12, and EED
H3K9me3 Constitutive heterochromatin Transcriptional repression
acH2A.Z Promoter regions of active and poised genes a Transcriptional activation or poising in active or bivalent domains, respectively
H2A.Zub1 Promoter regions of poised genes a Transcriptional repression or poising in silent or bivalent domains, respectively; modified by the Ring1B component of Polycomb Repressive Complex 1 (PRC1) [37, 110]
H2BK5me1 Bodies of active genes, especially those with metabolic roles; enhancers; telomeres b Transcriptional elongation
H2BK5ac Promoter regions of active genes b Transcriptional activation
a

Based on analysis of ESCs and neural progenitor cells [37]

b

Based on analysis of CD4+ T-cells [104, 111]