Skip to main content
. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2017 Nov 1.
Published in final edited form as: J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2016 Nov;138(5):1243–1251. doi: 10.1016/j.jaci.2016.09.006

Figure 2. Effector Modules of T cells and ILCs.

Figure 2

In the periphery, naïve T cells (left) that recognize their specific antigen and are costimulated by antigen presenting cells (APCs) become activated and mature to effector cells. For CD4+ T cells, APC-derived cytokines drive STAT activation and TF induction, leading to Th polarization and the indicated effector functions. Meanwhile, ILCs in the periphery are already mature cells that do not require STAT activation to develop, though STATs are important for some ILC effector functions. The TFs required for Th polarization and ILC development and the effector functions of cells in the same module are strikingly similar. ILC counterparts to Tfh and Treg are not currently recognized.