Table S1.

Descriptive statistics of lake and catchment properties

	Recently hypoxic lakes (n = 51)			Naturally hypoxic lakes (n = 97)			Benchmark, Lake Core Database (n = 769)			Benchmark, GLWD (n = 690)
Parameters	Mean	Min.	Max.	Mean	Min.	Max.	Mean	Min.	Max.	Mean	Min.	Max.
Altitude, m	511	25	2,445	494	21	2,826	438	0	3,028	317	1	2,550
Lake area, ha	60	0	582	7	0	290	25	0	5,650	21	0	1,856
Maximum depth, m	62	2	310	28	0	410	14	0	449	24	0	514
Catchment, km2	1,620	0	25,972	524	0	22,523	253	0	47,375	1,725	0	556,923
Precipitation, mm⋅a−1	821	471	1,577	819	406	2,002	1,022	458	2,755	742	420	1,853
Urban area, %	8	0	100	5	0	100	3	0	100	2	0	98
Cultivated area, %	12	0	100	9	0	100	10	0	100	15	0	100
Forested area, %	38	0	99	52	0	100	34	0	100	50	0	100
Pastured area, %	27	0	82	24	0	100	42	0	100	20	0	100
Other land, %	6	0	100	7	0	100	8	0	100	2	0	97
Inhabitant per km2	183	0	1,530	77	0	1,504	108	0	8,537	69	1	3,527

Mean, minimum (Min.), and maximum (Max.) are reported for the four lake categories of this study: recently hypoxic lakes, naturally hypoxic lakes, and two sets of benchmark lakes. Air temperatures are mean annual anomalies (°C).