Table S4.

Interaction between external drivers and lake hypoxia onset

	Sites recording increasing trends		Sites recording decreasing trends		Steady state	Total
Area	%	n	%	n	n	n	Timing
Urban area	71	27	3	1	10	38	At the moment of hypoxia
Cultivated area	29	11	61	23	4	38
Pastured area	21	8	74	28	2	38
Urban area	43	19	0	0	25	44	Before hypoxia
Cultivated area	95	42	2	1	1	44
Pastured area	80	35	20	9	0	44

Increasing or decreasing trends in land cover are presented for two time windows: at the moment of hypoxia onset (±20 years centered on the moment of hypoxia onset) and before hypoxia onset (200 years preceding hypoxia onset). Numbers are color-coded to indicate when more than 40% of the sites showed an increase (red) or a decrease (blue) in urban, cultivated, or pastured area. The M-K tests presented in Fig. S3 confirm the increasing trends in urban area at the moment of hypoxia onset. Note that the urban area was generally increasing at the moment of hypoxia onset, whereas cultivated and pastured areas tended to be decreasing.