Table 1.
Clinical characteristics of the non‐diabetic population and type 2 diabetic group
| Parameters | Non‐diabetes | Type 2 diabetes |
|---|---|---|
| N | 8695 | 314 |
| Age (years) | 49 ± 11 | 59 ± 11** |
| Gender (male/female) n (%) | 3570 (41) / 5125 (59) | 168 (53) / 150 (47) |
| Body mass index (kg/m²) | 26·4 ± 4·2 | 30·5 ± 5·4** |
| Systolic blood pressure (mmHg) | 129 ± 16 | 137 ± 17* |
| Diastolic blood pressure (mmHg) | 75 ± 9 | 77 ± 9 |
| Total cholesterol (mmol/L) | 5·1 ± 0·9 | 4·7 ± 1·2 |
| HDL cholesterol (mmol/L) | 1·4 ± 0·4 | 1·2 ± 0·3 |
| LDL cholesterol (mmol/L) | 3·3 ± 0·9 | 2·9 ± 1·0 |
| Triglycerides (mmol/L) | 1·05 (0·8–1·5) | 1·41 (1·0–1·4) |
| Creatinine clearance (mL/min) | 113 ± 31 | 119 ± 45* |
| HbA1c (%) | 5·5 ± 0·3 | 6·8 ± 1·2** |
| HbA1c (mmol/mol) | 37 ± 3·3 | 51 ± 13 |
| Estimated diabetes duration (years) | n.a. | 6·4 (3·2–11·0) |
| Oral agents/insulin, % | n.a. | 47/15a |
| Statins, % | 6·2 | 46·2** |
| NAT2 polymorphism, n (%) | ||
| TT | 5685 (65) | 209 (67) |
| CT | 2706 (31) | 96 (30) |
| CC | 304 (4) | 9 (3) |
| Smoking status, n (%)b | ||
| Never smokers | 3508 (41) | 106 (34) |
| Ex‐smokers | 3174 (37) | 147 (48) |
| Current smokers | 1914 (22) | 56 (18) |
| Pack‐years in ex‐ and current smokers | 11 (4·6–19·0) | 18 (8·5–29·4)* |
| Coffee consumption (cups per day) | 3·8 (2·3–5·2) | 3·8 (1·9–5·5) |
| SAF (AU) | 2·04 ± 0·44 | 2·44 ± 0·55** |
SAF, skin autofluorescence; AU, arbitrary units.
Data are presented as means ± standard deviation, or median (interquartile range) and number (%). Creatinine clearance (Cockcroft–Gault formula).
a
Twenty‐nine subjects used oral agents + insulin.
b
Missing values for smoking status (n = 104).
*P < 0·001 **P < 0·0001.