Table 2.

Multivariate linear regression model for skin autofluorescence (SAF) in the non‐diabetic population and type 2 diabetic group

Determinants	Coefficient β	SE	P Value	R 2 (%)
Non‐diabetes (N = 8695)
Baseline model
Age	0·021	3·6 × 10 −4	1·0 × 10 −200	28·5
Clinical and lifestyle parameters				ΔR 2 (%)
Male gender	0·053	0·008	4·1 × 10 −11	0·4
Body mass index	0·004	0·001	1·5 × 10 −4	0·1
HbA1c	0·082	0·014	3·2 × 10 −9	0·3
Creatinine clearance (mL/min)	2·0 × 10 −4	3·1 × 10 −4	3·2 × 10 −8	0·3
Total cholesterol	0·001	0·004	0·893	0·0
LDL cholesterol	0·004	0·005	0·396	0·0
HDL cholesterol	−0·084	0·010	6·7 × 10 −16	0·5
Triglycerides	0·030	0·005	2·5 × 10 −9	0·3
NAT2 polymorphism (CC vs. CT and TT)	−0·114	0·007	1·2 × 10 −57	2·1
Current smoking vs. never smoking	0·205	0·009	5·4 × 10 −101	3·7
Ex‐smoking vs. never smoking	−0·029	0·009	0·001	0·1
Pack‐years	0·007	4·6 × 10 −4	4·2 × 10 −56	4·0
Coffee consumption (cups per day)	0·076	0·002	3·6 × 10 −108	3·6
Type 2 diabetes (N = 314)
Baseline model
Age	0·025	0·003	3·8 × 10 −20	23·8
Clinical and lifestyle parameters				ΔR 2 (%)
Male gender	0·151	0·054	0·005	1·9
Body mass index	0·003	0·005	0·589	0·1
HbA1c	0·064	0·023	0·006	1·8
Creatinine clearance (mL/min)	0·005	0·002	0·011	1·6
Total cholesterol	−0·063	0·023	0·007	1·8
LDL cholesterol	−0·072	0·026	0·006	1·6
HDL cholesterol	−0·250	0·086	0·004	1·8
Triglycerides	0·036	0·021	0·087	0·5
Estimated diabetes duration	0·005	0·004	0·246	0·6
NAT2 polymorphism (CC vs. CT and TT)	−0·167	0·050	0·001	2·7
Current smoking vs. never smoking	0·436	0·069	7·0 × 10 −10	8·9
Ex‐smoking vs. never smoking	−0·032	0·056	0·570	0·1
Pack‐years	0·006	0·002	0·001	4·4
Coffee consumption (cups per day)	0·029	0·012	0·018	1·6

NAT2, N‐acetyltransferase 2; SE, standard error; R ²: explained variance in SAF (%); ΔR ²: additional explained variance of clinical and lifestyle parameters on top of baseline model.