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. 2016 Feb 16;80(2):88–101. doi: 10.1111/ahg.12145

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© 2015 The Authors. Annals of Human Genetics published by University College London (UCL) and John Wiley & Sons Ltd.

This is an open access article under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution‐NonCommercial‐NoDerivs License, which permits use and distribution in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited, the use is non‐commercial and no modifications or adaptations are made.

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Median Joining network for A2, B2, C1 and D1 control region mtDNA haplotypes among 15 Peruvian and Ecuadorian populations. The population groups are depicted with distinct colours (red, light blue, blue and its spectrum = Quechuan language family; green spectrum = languages from Amazonian ethnic groups). The control region mtDNA haplotypes are represented by circles with sizes proportional to numbers of individuals, and branch lengths are proportional to mutation steps (nucleotide changes). Clusters of haplotypes into four mtDNA haplogroups (A2, B2, C1, D1) are indicated. W1‐W4 are the specified Quechua‐Lamista clans identified by “surname”.