Table 3.

Rates and Hazard Ratios (HRs, 95%CI) for Moderate, Severe, and Any Exacerbations in COPD Patients With Triple Treatment, Those With Double Therapy, Using 2 Different Study Designs^a

	Intention to Treat									As Treated
				Adjusted With Predictive Model			Adjusted With Propensity Score Index						Adjusted With Predictive Model			Adjusted With Propensity Score Index
	N	Person Years	Rate per 100 PYb	HR	95%CI		HR	95%CI		N	Person Years	Rate per 100 PYb	HR	95%CI		HR	95%CI
Moderate exacerbation	185	522	35.4							73	183	39.9
Fixed LABA/ICSc	144	361	39.9	1.00	‐	‐	1.00	‐	‐	63	135	46.7	1.00	‐	‐	1.00	‐	‐
Fixed LABA/ICS plus tiotropium	41	161	22.5	0.68	0.48	0.98	0.65	0.46	0.93	10	48	20.8	0.46	0.23	0.93	0.47	0.24	0.93
Severe exacerbation	158	664	23.8							58	217	26.7
Fixed LABA/ICSc	107	461	23.2	1.00	‐	‐	1.00	‐	‐	42	161	26.1	1.00	‐	‐	1.00	‐	‐
Fixed LABA/ICS plus tiotropium	51	203	25.1	0.99	0.70	1.40	0.97	0.69	1.37	16	56	28.6	1.14	0.63	2.09	1.14	0.63	2.06
Any exacerbation	303	522	58.0							118	183	64.5
Fixed LABA/ICSc	223	361	61.8	1.00	‐	‐	1.00	‐	‐	96	135	71.1	1.00	‐	‐	1.00	‐	‐
Fixed LABA/ICS plus tiotropium	80	161	49.7	0.79	0.60	1.03	0.78	0.60	1.02	22	48	45.8	0.63	0.39	1.02	0.67	0.50	1.09

^aSubcohort of patients with previous COPD exacerbations (n = 945).

^bPY, person years.

^cLABA, long‐acting β₂ agonists; ICS, inhaled corticosteroids.