Table 3.

Semantic and temporal gesture–speech synchrony by ASD and TD adolescents in the presence of a visible and non-visible listener

Statistics group	Descriptive				Inferential
	ASD		TD
Condition Factor	Visible M (SD) Range	Non-visible M Range	Visible M (SD) Range	Non-visible M Range	Diagnosis p, effect size	Visibility p, effect size	Dx*Visibility p, effect size
Semantic
Similar information (relative to speech)	3.06 (3.28) 0–10	1.06 (1.70) 0–6	3.35 (3.83) 0–14	1.78 (2.21) 0–6	F < 1	F(1, 39) = 10.89 p = .002, ${\mathrm{\eta }}_{\mathrm{p}}^2=.22$	F < 1
Different information (relative to speech)	.94 (1.11) 0–4	.39 (.70) 0–2	3.30 (3.64) 0–12	1.18 (2.15) 0–9	F(1, 39) = 6.11 p = .02, ${\mathrm{\eta }}_{\mathrm{p}}^2=.14$	F(1, 39) = 14.13 p = .001, ${\mathrm{\eta }}_{\mathrm{p}}^2=.27$	F(1, 39) = 4.86 p = .03, ${\mathrm{\eta }}_{\mathrm{p}}^2=.11$
Temporal
Positive magnitude (gesture precedes speech)	.34 (.33) 0–.95	.18 (.26) 0–.67	.22 (.21) 0–.75	.21 (.24) 0–.8	F < 1	F(1, 39) = 2.41 p > .10, ${\mathrm{\eta }}_{\mathrm{p}}^2=.06$	F(1, 39) = 1.67 p > .10, ${\mathrm{\eta }}_{\mathrm{p}}^2=.04$
Negative magnitude (gesture follows speech)	.17 (.20) 0–.70	.29 (.44) 0–1.36	.23 (.27) .23–.27	.21 (.40) 0–1.67	F < 1	F < 1	F < 1
Positive difference count (gesture precedes speech)	6.52 (5.78) 0–19	3.0 (3.84) 0–13	3.39 (3.16) 0–10	1.11 (1.71) 0–6	F(1, 39) = 6.08 p = .02, ${\mathrm{\eta }}_{\mathrm{p}}^2=.14$	F(1, 39) = 14.34 p = .001, ${\mathrm{\eta }}_{\mathrm{p}}^2=.27$	F < 1
Negative difference count (gesture follows speech)	5.26 (5.55) 0–21	2.13 (2.70) 0–10	2.61 (3.01) 0–8	.88 (1.45) 0–5	F(1, 39) = 4.33 p = .04, ${\mathrm{\eta }}_{\mathrm{p}}^2=.10$	F(1, 39) = 13.59 p = .001, ${\mathrm{\eta }}_{\mathrm{p}}^2=.26$	F(1, 39) = 1.15 p > .10, ${\mathrm{\eta }}_{\mathrm{p}}^2=.03$

All values represent gesture count