Table 2.

Quality rating and rationale for evidence addressing effects of exercise on priority outcomes of interest in target groups

Outcome	Older adults with diagnosis of osteoporosis	Older adults with osteoporotic vertebral fracture(s)
Falls	High	Moderate
	Two meta-analyses provide evidence for effect	Two meta-analyses provide evidence for effect
	Evidence indirect but effect not suspected to be different	Evidence indirect and effect may be different
	Effect similar in high and low risk individuals	Effect similar in high- and low-risk individuals
	Effect may be modified by hyperkyphotic posture	Effect may be modified by hyperkyphotic posture
	Balance exercises or multicomponent exercise programs	Balance exercises or multicomponent exercise programs
Fractures	Very low	Very low
	Imprecise or sparse data	Imprecise or sparse data
	Inconsistency in direction and size of effect	Inconsistency in direction and size of effect
	Most data supporting an effect are observational	Most data supporting an effect are observational
	High risk of bias in available data	High risk of bias in available data
BMD	Low	Very low
	Indirect evidence: uncertain if effects on BMD are different in the presence of osteoporosis	Indirect evidence: effects on BMD may be different in people with osteoporotic spine fracture
	Imprecise or sparse data	Imprecise or sparse data
	Risk of bias	Risk of bias, participants on bone drugs
Harm (adverse events)	Very low	Very low
	Inconsistency in direction and size of effect	Inconsistency in direction or size of effect
	High probability of reporting bias	High probability of reporting bias
	Imprecise or sparse data	Imprecise or sparse data, indirect evidence
Pain	n/a	Very low
		Imprecision and risk of bias
		Inconsistency in direction and size of effect
QOL	n/a	Very low
		Imprecise or sparse data, risk of bias
Mobility	n/a	Low
		Imprecise or sparse data, variable risk of bias
		Inconsistency in size and direction of effect
		Small positive effects in more than one trial
ADL	n/a	Very low
		Imprecise or sparse findings, variable risk of bias
		Inconsistency in size and direction of effect