Table 1.
Characteristics of the study group
| MetS group (n=32) | Control group (n=23) | P value | |
|---|---|---|---|
|
| |||
| Demographics | |||
|
| |||
| Age | 64.8±7.8 | 66.9±10.9 | NS |
|
| |||
| Gender, %female | 56.25% | 52.17% | NS |
|
| |||
| Body mass index, kg/m2 | 29.8±5.8 | 25±3.1 | 0.0003 |
|
| |||
| Education, y | 15±3.1 | 16±3 | NS |
|
| |||
| Cardiovascular and Metabolic Outcomes | |||
|
| |||
| Hemoglobin A1c, % | 7.1±1.3 | 5.7±0.3 | <0.0001 |
|
| |||
| Diabetes mellitus type 2, % | 87.5% | 0% | |
|
| |||
| Hypertension, % | 100% | 0% | |
|
| |||
| Hyperlipidemia medical history, y | 21±65.63% | 7±30.43% | 0.01 |
|
| |||
| Triglycerides, mg/dL | 142.8±95.6 | 94.5±42 | 0.01 |
|
| |||
| HDL, mg/dL | 48.7±16.2 | 55.1±16.9 | NS |
|
| |||
| 24hr systolic blood pressure, mmHg | 133.2±7.3 | 126.7±8.1 | 0.008 |
|
| |||
| 24hr diastolic blood pressure, mmHg | 71.1±7.1 | 67.7±8.4 | NS |
|
| |||
| 24hr mean blood pressure, mmHg | 91.7±6.5 | 86.7±7.7 | 0.01 |
|
| |||
| Imaging characteristics | |||
|
| |||
| Whole brain FA | 0.3±0.01 | 0.3±0.01 | NS |
|
| |||
| Whole brain MD | 0.9±0.06 | 0.9±0.06 | NS |
|
| |||
| Whole brain RD | 1.2±0.07 | 1.1±0.06 | NS |
|
| |||
| Whole brain LD | 0.7±0.06 | 0.7±0.06 | NS |
|
| |||
| Global GM/ICV | 0.37±0.05 | 0.39±0.04 | NS |
|
| |||
| Global WM/ICV | 0.25±0.03 | 0.27±0.02 | NS |
|
| |||
| Global CSF/ICV | 0.36±0.07 | 0.32±0.06 | NS |
|
| |||
| Hippocampus | 0.007±0.0009 | 0.07±0.0009 | NS |
|
| |||
| WMHs | 15.6±6.4 | 12.6±3.9 | 0.03 |
|
| |||
| L angular gyrus-FA | 0.2±0.02 | 0.3±0.03 | 0.02 |
|
| |||
| R angular gyrus-FA | 0.2±0.03 | 0.3±0.02 | 0.03 |
|
| |||
| L postcentral gyrus-LD | 1.15±0.06 | 1.11±0.06 | 0.05 |
|
| |||
| R angular gyrus-RD | 0.76±0.08 | 0.71±0.07 | 0.04 |
|
| |||
| Cognitive Outcomes | |||
|
| |||
| Hopkins Verbal Learning T Score | |||
| - Total Recall | 45.8±12.7 | 59±8.3 | <0.0001 |
| - Delayed Recall | 44.1±12.9 | 54±10.1 | 0.002 |
| - Retention % | 81.5±18.6 | 89.4±15.2 | NS |
| - Recognition Discrimination index | 47.1±11 | 52.1±7.3 | 0.05 |
|
| |||
| Rey-Osterrieth Complex Figure Test T Score | |||
| - Immediate recall | 42.2±17.2 | 51.5±16.6 | 0.05 |
| - Delayed recall | 43.3±17.1 | 49.5±16.4 | 0.1 |
|
| |||
| Verbal Fluency T Score | 46.3±10.4 | 52.3±7.9 | 0.01 |
|
| |||
| Verbal Fluency: animals T Score) | 31.6±12.3 | 48.3±11.3 | <0.0001 |
|
| |||
| Trail Making T Score | 48.7±12.4 | 51.3±9.8 | NS |
|
| |||
| Mini-Mental State Examination | 28.8±1.3 | 28.8±1.6 | NS |