Demographics |
|
|
|
|
Age |
64.8±7.8 |
66.9±10.9 |
NS |
|
Gender, %female |
56.25% |
52.17% |
NS |
|
Body mass index, kg/m2
|
29.8±5.8 |
25±3.1 |
0.0003 |
|
Education, y |
15±3.1 |
16±3 |
NS |
|
Cardiovascular and Metabolic Outcomes |
|
|
|
|
Hemoglobin A1c, % |
7.1±1.3 |
5.7±0.3 |
<0.0001 |
|
Diabetes mellitus type 2, % |
87.5% |
0% |
|
|
Hypertension, % |
100% |
0% |
|
|
Hyperlipidemia medical history, y |
21±65.63% |
7±30.43% |
0.01 |
|
Triglycerides, mg/dL |
142.8±95.6 |
94.5±42 |
0.01 |
|
HDL, mg/dL |
48.7±16.2 |
55.1±16.9 |
NS |
|
24hr systolic blood pressure, mmHg |
133.2±7.3 |
126.7±8.1 |
0.008 |
|
24hr diastolic blood pressure, mmHg |
71.1±7.1 |
67.7±8.4 |
NS |
|
24hr mean blood pressure, mmHg |
91.7±6.5 |
86.7±7.7 |
0.01 |
|
Imaging characteristics |
|
|
|
|
Whole brain FA |
0.3±0.01 |
0.3±0.01 |
NS |
|
Whole brain MD |
0.9±0.06 |
0.9±0.06 |
NS |
|
Whole brain RD |
1.2±0.07 |
1.1±0.06 |
NS |
|
Whole brain LD |
0.7±0.06 |
0.7±0.06 |
NS |
|
Global GM/ICV |
0.37±0.05 |
0.39±0.04 |
NS |
|
Global WM/ICV |
0.25±0.03 |
0.27±0.02 |
NS |
|
Global CSF/ICV |
0.36±0.07 |
0.32±0.06 |
NS |
|
Hippocampus |
0.007±0.0009 |
0.07±0.0009 |
NS |
|
WMHs |
15.6±6.4 |
12.6±3.9 |
0.03 |
|
L angular gyrus-FA |
0.2±0.02 |
0.3±0.03 |
0.02 |
|
R angular gyrus-FA |
0.2±0.03 |
0.3±0.02 |
0.03 |
|
L postcentral gyrus-LD |
1.15±0.06 |
1.11±0.06 |
0.05 |
|
R angular gyrus-RD |
0.76±0.08 |
0.71±0.07 |
0.04 |
|
Cognitive Outcomes |
|
|
|
|
Hopkins Verbal Learning T Score |
|
|
|
- Total Recall |
45.8±12.7 |
59±8.3 |
<0.0001 |
- Delayed Recall |
44.1±12.9 |
54±10.1 |
0.002 |
- Retention % |
81.5±18.6 |
89.4±15.2 |
NS |
- Recognition Discrimination index |
47.1±11 |
52.1±7.3 |
0.05 |
|
Rey-Osterrieth Complex Figure Test T Score |
|
|
|
- Immediate recall |
42.2±17.2 |
51.5±16.6 |
0.05 |
- Delayed recall |
43.3±17.1 |
49.5±16.4 |
0.1 |
|
Verbal Fluency T Score |
46.3±10.4 |
52.3±7.9 |
0.01 |
|
Verbal Fluency: animals T Score) |
31.6±12.3 |
48.3±11.3 |
<0.0001 |
|
Trail Making T Score |
48.7±12.4 |
51.3±9.8 |
NS |
|
Mini-Mental State Examination |
28.8±1.3 |
28.8±1.6 |
NS |