Figure 1.

The plipastatin biosynthetic system. (A) The enzymatic assembly line of plipastatin consists of five NRPSs, encoded by the polycistronic genes ppsABCDE. (B) The synthetases ppsA, ppsB, ppsC, ppsD, and ppsE are composed of two, two, two, three, and one module(s), respectively. (C) Variations of COM domains: (i) point mutation of donor ppsB; (ii) deletion of donor ppsC; (iii) four permutations: the acceptor of ppsC replaced with ppsB; the donor of ppsD replaced with ppsC; the acceptor of ppsB replaced with ppsC; and the donor of ppsC replaced with ppsD; (iv) the deletion of donor ppsC and the acceptor of ppsC replaced with ppsB. (D) The novel peptides caused by the COM changes corresponding to the lipopeptides in Table 1.