Table 4.

Inheritance pattern of autism-risk genes that regulate the structural stability of neurons.

Functional category	De novo variants	Familial variants
Cytoskeletal regulator	CTTNBP2, ADNP, SYNGAP1	CTTNBP2, ADNP, SYNGAP1
Adhesion molecule	CDH10, CDH11, PCDH10, PCDH19, FAT1, CTNNA3, NRXN1-3, NLGN1, NLGN2, NLGN3, CNTNAP2, CNTN4-6	CDH2, CDH8, CDH9, CDH11, PCDH9, PCDH10, PCDH19, FAT1, CTNNA3, NRXN1, NRXN2, NRXN3, NLGN1, NLGN3, CNTNAP2, CNTN3, CNTN4, CNTN5-6
Surface receptor	GRIK4, NTRK3, GRIN2B	GRIK2, NTRK3, GRIN2B
Signaling molecule	DYRK1A, CDKL5, PTEN	DYRK1A, CDKL5, PTEN
Synaptic molecule	SHANK1-3, DLGAP2, STXBP5	SHANK1, SHANK2-3, DLGAP2, STXBP5, PRICKLE1, CYFIP1
Syndromic molecule	FMR1, MECP2, UBE3A, TSC2	FMR1, MECP2, UBE3A, TSC1,TSC2

This table shows whether autism-risk variants found in these genes are de novo mutations or familial variants. Most genes have de novo and familial variants, however, some of genes show a preferential inheritance pattern (underlined; label in bold if only one pattern is found).