Table 1.

Physical parameters of each group after 6 weeks of treatment

	CNT	CKD	CKD‐GSK‐3β +/−	CKD+LiCl
Body weight, g	27.6 ± 1.0	18.5 ± 0.3*	18.0 ± 0.7*	20.3 ± 0.2*
Food intake, g/day	2.8 ± 0.1	2.2 ± 0.1*	2.2 ± 0.2	2.5 ± 0.2
Water intake, mL/day	5.1 ± 0.4	7.8 ± 0.3	7.6 ± 1.4	24.9 ± 2.1*, †, ‡
Urine volume, mL/day	1.3 ± 0.2	3.9 ± 0.5	3.2 ± 0.5	16.3 ± 1.8*, †, ‡

CNT, mice fed a control diet; CKD, mice fed a diet containing 0.2% adenine; CKD‐GSK‐3β ^+/−, GSK‐3β ^+/− mice fed a diet containing 0.2% adenine; CKD+LiCl, mice fed a diet containing 0.2% adenine and given water containing LiCl (0.15 mg/mL). Data are mean ± SEM, and were compared using one‐way ANOVA followed by the Tukey–Kramer test. A two‐tailed P‐value <0.05 was considered statistically significant. *P < 0.05 versus CNT, ^† P < 0.05 versus CKD, ^‡ P < 0.05 versus CKD‐GSK‐3β ^+/−. CKD, chronic kidney disease; CNT, control; GSK‐3β ^+/−, glycogen synthase kinase‐3 beta heterozygous knockout; LiCl, lithium chloride.