Table 2.

Serum biochemistries of each group after 6 weeks of treatment

	CNT	CKD	CKD‐GSK‐3β +/−	CKD+LiCl
Albumin, g/dL	3.2 ± 0.1	3.2 ± 0.1	3.0 ± 0.1	3.3 ± 0.1
Urea nitrogen, mg/dL	25.3 ± 1.5	59.1 ± 1.7*	63.9 ± 3.5*	54.3 ± 4.8*
Sodium, mEq/L	147.3 ± 1.3	148.5 ± 2.5	149.2 ± 2.5	148.6 ± 1.2
Calcium, mg/dL	8.5 ± 0.2	9.1 ± 0.2	8.9 ± 0.3	9.7 ± 0.2*
Phosphate, mg/dL	9.3 ± 0.5	15.6 ± 1.1*	16.2 ± 1.6*	15.3 ± 0.9*
Intact PTH, pg/mL	430 ± 134	2948 ± 403*	2942 ± 467*	2919 ± 381*
Osteocalcin, ng/mL	9.4 ± 2.9	101.2 ± 17.8*	140.8 ± 23.1*	76.9 ± 8.7*, ‡
TRACP‐5b, U/L	2.1 ± 0.5	9.0 ± 1.3*	9.8 ± 1.6*	8.2 ± 0.7*

CNT, mice fed a control diet; CKD, mice fed a diet containing 0.2% adenine; CKD‐GSK‐3β ^+/−, GSK‐3β ^+/− mice fed a diet containing 0.2% adenine; CKD+LiCl, mice fed a diet containing 0.2% adenine and given water containing LiCl (0.15 mg/mL). Data are mean ± SEM, and were compared using one‐way ANOVA followed by the Tukey–Kramer test. A two‐tailed P‐value <0.05 was considered statistically significant. *P < 0.05 versus CNT, ^‡ P < 0.05 versus CKD‐GSK‐3β ^+/−. CKD, chronic kidney disease; CNT, control; GSK‐3β ^+/−, glycogen synthase kinase‐3 beta heterozygous knockout; LiCl, lithium chloride; PTH, parathyroid hormone; TRACP‐5b, tartrate‐resistant acid phosphatase‐5b.