Table 2.

Biophysical properties associated with heat production in both HF and CON during the submaximal cycling test

	HF	CON
H prod (W)	356 ± 89	516 ± 114a
H prod (W/kg)	3.9 ± 0.9	6.4 ± 1.5a
E req (W/kg)	3.3 ± 0.9	5.6 ± 1.4a
H res (W/kg)	0.20 ± 0.06	0.32 ± 0.07a
H dry (W/kg)	0.31 ± 0.05	0.43 ± 0.09a
E sk (W/kg)	2.6 ± 1.0	6.7 ± 3.2a

Data are mean ± SEM. HF, heart failure participants; CON, control participants; H _prod, metabolic heat production; E _req, evaporative requirements for heat balance; H _res, respiratory heat loss; H _dry, dry heat loss; E _sk, evaporative heat potential.

^aSignificantly different between HF and CON participants.