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. 2016 Nov 17;6:37303. doi: 10.1038/srep37303

Figure 1. Measurement of membrane potentials of liposomes.

Figure 1

(a) Voltage dependence of the fluorescence intensity of empty liposomes. (b) Relationship between the theoretical membrane potential formed on empty liposomes and the fluorescence intensity reduction ratio of di-4-ANEPPS (panel (a)). (c) Fluorescence time-course for the liposomes reconstituted with a VSD mutant, V42C/I131C, where the K+ concentration ratio was adjusted to form a −187 mV theoretical membrane potential (black line). The results of (a) are shown by gray lines. The potentials corresponded to −140 and −124 mV at a few and 90 s after the addition of valinomycin, respectively.