Figure 2.

The effects of cations on ATP-mediated dispersal of biofilm. F. nucleatum biofilm was left untreated (control) or treated with MgCl₂ or CaCl₂ in the presence or absence of 1 mM ATP. Biofilm was incubated anaerobically at 37°C for 1 h. The amount of biofilm biomass after induction of dispersal was determined by crystal violet assay. The data presented were obtained from one representative experiment carried out in triplicate. All experiments were performed 3 independent times and showed similar trends (Supplementary Figure 2). ^***p < 0.001.