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. 2016 Nov 17;6:155. doi: 10.3389/fcimb.2016.00155

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Copyright © 2016 Ding and Tan.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) or licensor are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Differential effects of planktonic, biofilm and dispersed F. nucleatum on periodontal fibroblasts. Primary periodontal fibroblasts were infected with planktonic, biofilm, naturally dispersed or ATP induced F. nucleatum for 1 h after which (A) cell-associated bacteria and (B) intracellular bacteria were determined by serial dilution and plating. Periodontal fibroblasts were infected with planktonic, biofilm, naturally dispersed or ATP induced F. nucleatum for 4 h and the amounts of (C,E) IL-6 and (D,F) IL-8 produced were quantified by ELISA. The expression of (G) fadA and (H) fap2 in planktonic, biofilm and dispersed F. nucleatum were determined by qPCR. ^***p < 0.001.