Figure 4.

Weaning weight and social behavior of juvenile offspring raised by females housed in SNH or SH and sired by males exposed to either PO or CO. A, SNH rearing significantly increased weaning weight in both male and female offspring, regardless of paternal experience, with males overall weighing more than females. B, Increased social grooming occurred in female offspring, compared with male offspring, and was higher in offspring reared in SH relative to those reared in SNH. C, Males engaged in significantly more play attacks than females. D, Males also engaged in significantly more play defend behaviors relative to females. E, Evading behavior in response to play attacks was decreased overall in offspring reared in SNH relative to SH, but more specifically, CO-SH-reared offspring evaded more than PO-SH- and CO-SNH-reared offspring. Data are expressed as the mean ± SEM. Difference between indicated groups: *p ≤ 0.05; **p ≤ 0.005.