Figure 5.

Development of fear- and anxiety-like behavior in the offspring raised by females housed in SNH or SH and sired by males exposed to either PO or CO. A, Center time in the open-field test was increased (indicative of reduced anxiety-like behavior) in offspring raised in SNH relative to those reared in SH. B, In the EPM, female offspring spent more time in the open arms relative to males. C, Overall, in the EPM, female offspring displayed less anxiety (more frequent open arm entry) than males, and, in particular, females of either the CO-SNH or PO-SH group displayed reduced anxiety relative to other groups. Data are expressed as the mean ± SEM. Interaction: difference between indicated groups, *p ≤ 0.05; **p ≤ 0.005.